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projects:sample11.blk

Examples for Lecture Number 11

Screen 0 not modified     
 0 \ Examples for Lecture Number 11               20:27JWB12/07/85 
 1 \ Last change:   Screen  007                   11:12jwb11/22/87 
 2                                                                 
 3                                                                 
 4                                                                 
 5                 USER  VARIABLES                                 
 6                                                                 
 7                 MULTI TASKING                                   
 8                                                                 
 9                                                                 
10                                                                 
11                                                                 
12                                                                 
13                                                                 
14                                                                 
15                                                                 


Screen 2 not modified     
 0 \ BLOCK                                        16:03JWB11/29/85 
 1                                                                 
 2                                                                 
 3   BLOCK   ( n   adr )   Given the block number n, BLOCK returns 
 4         the in address, adr, of the assigned block buffer. The  
 5         buffer address, adr, is the location of the first data  
 6         storage cell of the buffer, which consists of 1024 bytes
 7                                                                 
 8                                                                 
 9   UPDATE  ( --  -- )  Mark most recently referenced block as    
10       modified.  Then if its block buffer is required it will   
11       automatically be transfered back to mass storage.         
12                                                                 
13                                                                 
14                                                                 
15                                                                 


Screen 3 not modified     
 0  BUFFER                                       16:50JWB11/29/85  
 1  BUFFER  ( n  adr )  Assign block n the buffer storage area at  
 2        adr .  The function is the same as for BLOCK  except     
 3        that the contents of the data storage area are undefined 
 4        That is . . .  The buffer is assigned only and the       
 5        if the block is not already in memory its contents might 
 6        not be transfered from mass storage.  Not often used.    
 7                                                                 
 8  EMPTY-BUFFERS  ( --  -- ) Erase all data in block buffers,     
 9        initialize buffer pointers and mark buffers as empty.    
10                                                                 
11  SAVE-BUFFERS   ( --  -- ) Transfer all buffers marked as       
12        updated to mass storage and then mark them as unmodified 
13                                                                 
14  FLUSH          ( --  -- ) Same effect as SAVE-BUFFERS followed 
15        by EMPTY-BUFFERS .                                       


Screen 4 not modified     
 0 \ Virtual vector arrays-1                      11:26jwb11/22/87 
 1 BLK @ 2+  (  6 ) CONSTANT FIRST-BLOCK                           
 2 BLK @ 4 + (  8 ) CONSTANT LAST-BLOCK                            
 3     CREATE   POINTER    0 ,  \ Keeps track of amount allocated. 
 4     VARIABLE STORE?          \ Fetch store flag                 
 5 : =>  STORE? ON ;            \ Assignment operator.             
 6 \ Allot some virtual memory cells.                              
 7 : B-ALLOT  ( n  -- )                                            
 8         DUP POINTER @ +                                         
 9         LAST-BLOCK FIRST-BLOCK -  1+ 1024 * >                   
10         ABORT" Allocated virtual memory exausted"               
11         POINTER +!  ;                                           
12 \ Compile time routine.                                         
13 : COMPILE-VVECTOR ( n    -- )                                   
14         POINTER @ OVER 2* B-ALLOT                               
15         ,  ,  ;   \ pfa: pointer : array-size :                 


Screen 5 not modified     
 0 \ Virtual vector arrays-2                      11:26jwb11/22/87 
 1 \ Runtime for virtual vector.  ?? may be data item to be stored 
 2 : RUN-VVECTOR  ( ?? pfa    ??? ) \ ??? may be data fetched.     
 3         2DUP 2+ @ < NOT        \ ?? pfa  flag                   
 4         IF STORE? OFF -1 ABORT" Subscript out of range." THEN   
 5         @ SWAP 2*              \ ?? pointer index               
 6         + B/BUF /MOD           \ ?? offset  block-offset        
 7         FIRST-BLOCK + BLOCK +  \ ?? data-storage-address        
 8         STORE? @  STORE? OFF                                    
 9         IF  ! UPDATE  ELSE @ THEN ;                             
10                                                                 
11 : VVECTOR                                                       
12         CREATE  COMPILE-VVECTOR                                 
13         DOES>   RUN-VVECTOR ;                                   
14                                                                 
15   500  VVECTOR  XX   500  VVECTOR  YY   500 VVECTOR ZZ          



Screen 9 not modified     
 0 \ Multitasking.                                21:01JWB12/07/85 
 1 Multitasking allows one computer to appear to do several things 
 2 at the same time.  Most of the time a single user computer sits 
 3 in an idle loop waiting for the operator to press the keyboard. 
 4                                                                 
 5 The idea is to utilize this waiting time to perform other useful
 6 tasks.  Typical background tasks would be watching over         
 7 instruments in a lab, printing a long file, updating a clock etc
 8                                                                 
 9 F83 uses a very simple yet  effective round-robin scheduling    
10 technique.  Task switching is extremly fast because each task   
11 maintains its own  parameter and return stacks and its own set  
12 of critical variables ( called USER variables ).                
13                                                                 
14 The task switcher just changes the pointer to the correct list  
15 of USER variables.                                              


Screen 10 not modified     
 0 \ Task dependent user variables.               20:44JWB12/07/85 
 1 \ The following USER variables are needed in every task.        
 2 TOS      Saved during Task switching.                           
 3 ENTRY    Jumped to during multitasking.                         
 4 LINK     Points to next task in the circular queue              
 5 SP0      Empty parameter stack for this task.                   
 6 RP0      Empty return stack for this task.                      
 7 DP       Size of dictionary.  Next available location.          
 8 #OUT     Number of characters sent since last CR.               
 9 #LINE    Number of CR's sent since last page.                   
10 OFFSET   Added to all block references.                         
11 BASE     The current numeric base for number input output.      
12 HLD      Points to a converted character during numeric output. 
13 FILE     Allows printing of one file while editing another.     
14 IN-FILE  Allows printing of one file while editing another.     
15 PRINTING  indicates whether printing is enabled.                


Screen 11 not modified     
 0 \  PAUSE  RESTART                              21:13JWB12/07/85 
 1                                                                 
 2 PAUSE   When multitasking PAUSE stops the current task and      
 3         passes control to the next task in the round-robin loop.
 4                                                                 
 5         When singletasking PAUSE is equivalent to a NOOP.       
 6                                                                 
 7 RESTART When multitasking RESTART does the reverse of PAUSE.    
 8         It restores critical information stored in tasks user   
 9         variables and starts executing the task left asleep     
10         during the last pass.                                   
11                                                                 
12                                                                 
13                                                                 
14                                                                 
15                                                                 


Screen 12 not modified     
 0 \ SLEEP  WAKE   STOP  MULTI  SINGLE            21:20JWB12/07/85 
 1 SLEEP   ( adr  -- )  Used in the form:  {taskname}  SLEEP       
 2         Make the addressed task pause indefinitely.             
 3                                                                 
 4 WAKE    ( adr  -- )  Used in the form:  {taskname}  WAKE        
 5         Wake up task so that it will execute next time round.   
 6                                                                 
 7 STOP    ( --  -- )   Make the current task pause indefinitely.  
 8                                                                 
 9 MULTI   ( --  -- )   Start the multitasker.  This is done by    
10         installing the scheduler/dispatcher loop and activating 
11         PAUSE.                                                  
12                                                                 
13 SINGLE  ( --  -- )   Stop multitasking.  This is done by        
14         removing the scheduler/dispatcher loop and restoring    
15         PAUSE to its NOOP function.                             


Screen 13 not modified     
 0 \ Task Definition.                             22:54JWB12/07/85 
 1                                                                 
 2 TASK: {taskname}  ( size  -- )   Creates a named task.  A task  
 3         must frist be defined as a word in the dictionary.      
 4         Space must also be allocated for:                       
 5         1) Its USER variable area.                              
 6         2) Two stacks ( parameter stack and return stack).      
 7         3) Extra dictionary space for its I/O buffers at PAD    
 8            The parameter size abover is the amount of dictionary
 9            space for this task.                                 
10                                                                 
11         In addition to alloting space the new task must be      
12         installed in the round-robin loop.                      
13 Example:                                                        
14 400  TASK:  MYTASK    \ Creates a task called MYTASK with 400   
15                       \ bytes of dictionary space.              


Screen 14 not modified     
 0 \  SET-TASK                                    20:28JWB12/07/85 
 1                                                                 
 2 SET-TASK  ( ip.adr task.adr  -- )   Assign an existing task to  
 3         execute the code pointed to by ip.adr.  This word is    
 4         used in ACTIVATE  which is the end-user word.           
 5                                                                 
 6 ACTIVATE ( task.adr   -- )   Assign the invoked task to execute 
 7         the following code and wake up the task makine it ready 
 8         to execute.                                             
 9                                                                 
10 BACKGROUND: {taskname} ( --  -- )  Create a new task with 400   
11         bytes of dictionary space and initialize it to execute  
12         the code which follows up to the semi-colon .           
13                                                                 
14                                                                 
15                                                                 


Screen 15 not modified     
 0 \  Multitasking Examples.                      20:28JWB12/07/85 
 1 ONLY EDITOR ALSO FORTH DEFINITIONS ALSO                         
 2 2VARIABLE  TCOUNT                                               
 3 : TT   TCOUNT 2@ D. ;                                           
 4                                                                 
 5 : COUNTER                                                       
 6      10000.  TCOUNT 2!                                          
 7      BEGIN  PAUSE                                               
 8             TCOUNT 2@ 1. D-  TCOUNT 2!                          
 9             TCOUNT 2@  D0=                                      
10      UNTIL                                                      
11      CR " COUNTER IS DONE"  VTYPE    STOP ;                     
12                                                                 
13                                                                 
14 BACKGROUND:  TASK1  COUNTER  ;                                  
15                                                                 


Screen 16 not modified     
 0 \ TASK-COUNT                                                    
 1                                                                 
 2 : TASK-COUNT                                                    
 3          0.  TCOUNT 2!                                          
 4      BEGIN  PAUSE                                               
 5             TCOUNT 2@ 1. D+  TCOUNT 2!                          
 6      AGAIN  ;                                                   
 7                                                                 
 8     TASK1  SLEEP                                                
 9     ' TASK-COUNT >BODY TASK1  SET-TASK                          
10     TASK1  WAKE                                                 
11                                                                 
12 \   TASK1  SLEEP                                                
13 \  ' COUNTER >BODY  TASK1  SET-TASK                             
14 \   TASK1   WAKE                                                
15                                                                 


Screen 17 not modified     
 0 \  S.ON  S.OFF  TONE                           13:22JWB12/08/95 
 1 HEX                                                             
 2 :   S.ON  ( --  -- )      \  Turn speaker on.                   
 3         61 PC@ 3  OR   61 PC! ;                                 
 4 :   S.OFF ( --  -- )       \ Turn speaker off.                  
 5         61 PC@ FFFC AND  61 PC! ; DECIMAL                       
 6                                                                 
 7 : TONE  ( freq  -- )       \ Make tone of specified frequency.  
 8     21 MAX                 \ Lowest frequency.                  
 9     1.190000  ROT          \ Get divisor for timer.             
10     MU/MOD                 \ 16bit.rem   32bit.quot             
11     DROP NIP  [ HEX ]      \ Keep 16-bit quotient only.         
12     0B6   043 PC!          \ Write to timer mode register.      
13     100  /MOD SWAP         \ Split into hi and low byte.        
14     42 PC! 42 PC!          \ Store low and high byte in timer.  
15     S.ON  ;  DECIMAL                                            


Screen 18 not modified     
 0 \ PIPPING                                      13:23JWB12/08/95 
 1                                                                 
 2 : PIPPING                                                       
 3         21 TONE                                                 
 4         BEGIN   S.ON S.OFF                                      
 5                 PAUSE                                           
 6         AGAIN ;                                                 
 7                                                                 
 8 BACKGROUND:  TASK2   PIPPING ;                                  
 9                                                                 
10                                                                 
11                                                                 
12                                                                 
13                                                                 
14                                                                 
15                                                                 


Screen 19 not modified     
 0 \  VIEW-REG                                    10:43   12/08/85 
 1 ONLY EDITOR ALSO FORTH DEFINITIONS ALSO                         
 2  VARIABLE  VADR \ Holds adr of 16 bit cell                      
 3  VARIABLE  VOLD \ Holds old value.                              
 4 : #'S  0 ?DO PAUSE # LOOP ;                                     
 5 TCOUNT 2+  VADR !                                               
 6 : VIEWREG  ( --  -- )    15 ATRIB !                             
 7         BEGIN  PAUSE  VADR @ @ VOLD @ -                         
 8         IF 2 BASE ! VADR @ @ DUP VOLD !                         
 9            0 <# ASCII ] HOLD BL HOLD 8 #'S BL HOLD              
10                 8 #'S BL HOLD ASCII [ HOLD #>                   
11            CUR@ >R  40 2 AT                                     
12            VTYPE R>  CUR! DECIMAL THEN                          
13         AGAIN ;                                                 
14 BACKGROUND:  TASK3  VIEWREG  ;                                  
15                                                                 


Screen 20 not modified     
 0 \ CLOCK task                                                    
 1                                                                 
 2 :  CLOCK                                                        
 3         BEGIN    PAUSE                                          
 4         (.TIME)  PAUSE                                          
 5         CUR@ >R                                                 
 6         20 2 AT VTYPE                                           
 7         R> CUR!                                                 
 8         AGAIN   ;                                               
 9                                                                 
10 BACKGROUND:  TASK4  CLOCK ;                                     
11                                                                 
12                                                                 
13                                                                 
14                                                                 
15                                                                 


Screen 21 not modified     
 0 \  MARQUEE                                                      
 1                                                                 
 2 CREATE  SPEED  50 ,    \  1 IS FAST   1000 IS GLACIAL           
 3 : PAWS  SPEED @ -1 ?DO PAUSE LOOP ;                             
 4                                                                 
 5 CREATE TEXTB   24 ,     \ Beginning block for display           
 6 CREATE #TEXTB   2 ,     \ How many blocks for display           
 7 CREATE #T       0 ,     \ Offset in bytes, from TEXTB           
 8                         \ in virtual memory.                    
 9                                                                 
10 : VTEXT ( --  adr )  \ Leave virtual address relative to TEXTB  
11         #T @ 1024 /MOD TEXTB @ + BLOCK + ;                      
12                                                                 
13 CREATE MQ? -1 ,         \ Flag read by MARQUEE                  
14 : HO    MQ? OFF ;       \ Halt the MARQUEE                      
15 : HUM   MQ? ON  ;       \ Resume the MARQUEE                    


Screen 22 not modified     
 0 \ HUH BUMP MARQ                                16:02JWB12/08/85 
 1 CREATE RD? 0 ,          \ Flag read by MARQUEE                  
 2 : HUH  -1 RD? +! ;      \ Back up the MARQUEE and redisplay     
 3                                                                 
 4  4 CONSTANT #BUMP       \ Positions to bump to the left.        
 5 \ only use powers of 2.                                         
 6                                                                 
 7 : BUMP  ( --  --  )                                             
 8         PAD #BUMP + PAD 80 #BUMP - CMOVE ;                      
 9                                                                 
10 \ Display PAD and then bump characters to the left.             
11 : MARQ  ( --  -- )                                              
12         PAWS CUR@ 0 0 AT PAD 80 VTYPE CUR!                      
13         MQ? @ IF BUMP THEN ;                                    
14 : TAIL  ( --  adr count )                                       
15         80 #BUMP - PAD + #BUMP ;                                


Screen 23 not modified     
 0 \  MARQUEE                                     16:12JWB12/08/85 
 1                                                                 
 2 : MARQUEE  ( --  -- )                                           
 3         BEGIN                                                   
 4         CUR@ 0 0 79 0 ATRIB @ INIT-WINDOW CUR!                  
 5         PAD 80 BLANK  #T OFF                                    
 6         #TEXTB @ 1024 * 0                                       
 7         DO VTEXT TAIL CMOVE MARQ MQ? @                          
 8            IF #BUMP #T +! THEN   RD? @                          
 9            IF 1 RD? +! PAD 80 BLANK -160 DUP #T +!              
10            ELSE 0 THEN                                          
11            MQ? @ IF #BUMP ELSE 0 THEN +                         
12         +LOOP  TAIL BLANK 80 #BUMP / 0                          
13         DO MARQ LOOP                                            
14         AGAIN   ;                                               
15 BACKGROUND: TASK5 MARQUEE ;                                     


Screen 24 not modified     
 0  WELCOME  TO THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF 8086 MULTI-TASKING FORTH.   
 1 Multitasking allows one computer to appear to do several things 
 2 at the same time.  Most of the time a single user computer sits 
 3 in an idle loop waiting for the operator to press the keyboard. 
 4                                                                 
 5 The idea is to utilize this waiting time to perform other useful
 6 tasks.  Typical background tasks would be watching over         
 7 instruments in a lab, printing a long file, updating a clock etc
 8                                                                 
 9 F83 uses a very simple yet  effective round-robin scheduling    
10 technique.  Task switching is extremly fast because each task   
11 maintains its own  parameter and return stacks and its own set  
12 of critical variables ( called USER variables ).                
13                                                                 
14 The task switcher just changes the pointer to the correct list  
15 of USER variables.                                              


Screen 25 not modified     
 0  WELCOME  TO THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF 8086 MULTI-TASKING FORTH.   
 1  Now you can read your FORTH screens while you continue to hack 
 2  away at you FORTH system.  Things to remember.  SINGLE  . . .  
 3  puts the system in the singletasking mode.    MULTI . . .  puts
 4  the system in the multitasking mode.   {taskname}  WAKE . . .  
 5  wakes up a task.   {taskname}  SLEEP  . . . puts task to sleep.
 6   DO NOT  use STOP  from the terminal.  It will put the forgroun
 7 d task to sleep.   To create a new task use the format: . .     
 8   BACKGROUND:  {taskname}  {runtime routine code} ;             
 9   Tasknames  can be assigned new jobs using  SET-TASK and       
10   ACTIVATE.   But be very careful.   It is easy to crash if you 
11   do something wrong!!   First you should practice with  MULTI  
12   SINGLE  WAKE  &  SLEEP  using the 5 tasks that I have provided
13   then if your brave.  write your own task.   WARNING  WARNING  
14   Background tasks that output to the screen can mess up the    
15   cursor.  Study my examples to see how to save the cursor.     


Screen 26 not modified     
 0 \ How to use ACTIVATE reassign a taskname                       
 1                                                                 
 2                                                                 
 3 : COUNTDOWN  ( --  -- )                                         
 4      TASK1  ACTIVATE                                            
 5      1000.   TCOUNT 2!                                          
 6      BEGIN  PAUSE                                               
 7             TCOUNT 2@ 1. D-  TCOUNT 2!                          
 8             TCOUNT 2@ (UD.)                                     
 9             CUR@ >R 0 2 AT VTYPE R> CUR!                        
10             TCOUNT 2@  D0=                                      
11      UNTIL                                                      
12      CR  " COUNTER IS DONE"  VTYPE                              
13      STOP ;                                                     
14                                                                 
15                                                                 
projects/sample11.blk.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2013-06-06 21:27 von 127.0.0.1