https://wiki.forth-ev.de/ 2026-05-08T13:43:51+00:00 https://wiki.forth-ev.de/ https://wiki.forth-ev.de/lib/exe/fetch.php/wiki:logo.png text/html 2023-09-04T16:09:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:2log?rev=1693843788 2LOG, calculate binary logarithm The 2LOG routine was the result of the need for converting a linear input into something with a more logarithmic character. There was no need for high accuracy, but rather a short reliable routine. The routine uses a very simple principle, but the result is surprisingly useable. A prime example where focussing on the essentials results in an excellent solution.<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4964288/167205050-76579ac1-2707-4037-9d6d-2a5452b60… text/html 2023-09-04T16:22:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:array?rev=1693844564 Array, one dimensional array data structure uh 2022-01-10 Idea Like a Buffer an array stores a sequence of entries (aka elements or items). A buffer is characterized by its buffer-base-address and its size only and you can manage the buffer content as you like. One popular way to manage a buffer is to number the items from 0 to the capacity-1 (where capacity is the number of items that can be stored in the buffer) and use the address calculation<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative… text/html 2023-09-04T16:10:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:assemblers_armv8_20assembler?rev=1693843846 Assembler for ARMv8 Aarch32 This is a basic ARMv8 Aarch32 assembler. See the PDF document for an overview and examples of it's use. Basic assembler for ARM32 from ARMv8 (C) J.J. Hoekstra - 2021 Subset of wabiForth Assembler ARMv8_v21 File name text/html 2023-09-05T04:33:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:assemblers_msp430-assembler?rev=1693888435 Assembler for MSP430 The idea: A compact universal MSP430 assembler Implementation The example asumes a 16-bit machine and compile actions. Also a Flash environment is assumed, for RAM only systems ROM! can be replaced by ! and CHERE by HERE. Examples of macros are in the source file. An implementation example for <h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2026-03-31T14:34:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:assemblers_pio-assembler?rev=1774967656 PIO (dis)assembler v2 for RP2040 The idea: PIO stand for Programmable Input Output. These are programmable state machines with a small shared program memory. Programs are built with only eight instructions. The behavior of those instructions can be modified with registers.<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-10-02T15:04:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:assemblers_rp2040-assembler?rev=1696259045 Assembler for RP2040 The idea A compact Forth-style macro assembler with an efficient literal pool mechanism for the RP2040. A Forth-style assembler uses all the capabilities of the Forth interpreter and assembles opcodes in between. An example:<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2024-10-20T21:31:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:base-ffbase?rev=1729459875 BASE change temporarily -- FFBASE The idea Quite often a programmer needs to switch the numerical base for just a word or a number. In the worst case this involves saving the old BASE, setting BASE to the wanted value and then restoring the old BASE. A lot of code for just one word/definition.<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-04T16:11:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:bit-array?rev=1693843891 Bit array data structure Bit array idea To store many on/off events or a present/not present note, we could use an array of bit flags to save space. Implementation The implementation assumes a byte addressed machine. The number of bits is rounded up to the number of cells needed to store the flags. The cell size in bytes is used and multiplied by 8 to calculate the number of bits in a cell.<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-04T16:11:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:buffer?rev=1693843900 Buffer data structure uh 2021-12-11 Idea For storing data, applications use memory. Applications need to manage that memory: * reserve (allocate) it for use, * identifying the appropriate parts of data and the locations in memory where to store that parts.<div><ul></div><div><li></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div></li></div><div></ul></div><h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementati… text/html 2025-06-22T13:56:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:clavis?rev=1750600602 CLAVIS? A key (Italian tasto, Latin clavis) or a button is a control element that is operated by pressing and automatically returns to its original position when released. Forth has KEY? and KEY to query the computer's keyboard. I therefore call the query of a different individual key something else. Figure below shows such a key. text/html 2023-09-04T16:11:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:condicompi?rev=1693843907 Conditional Compilation Conditional compilation lets you selectively process program text depending on certain conditions. We look at different flavours. The ICE concept One of Forth strengths is its ICE (interpret, compile, execute) concept: You can<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-04T16:11:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:crc-for-nrf24l01?rev=1693843917 CRC generation for the nRF24L01+ Idea To build a data logger for the nRF24L01+ we need to check the incoming data records manually. This code example runs on noForth R for the RISC-V micro processor. It uses a trick to pick up all network data. It does so by checking only the first three of the five address bytes. When the received records do not overflow the 32 bytes data buffer we can inspect all the received data! Note: The third received byte (Named PCF) contains a field with the received … text/html 2023-09-04T16:12:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:crc-math?rev=1693843923 CRC - The Mathematics of Cyclic Redundance Checks The idea of validating messages using cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) goes back to an invention of W. Wesley Petersen in 1961. It is based on cyclic codes which themselves are based on polynomial ring arithmetic. Let's see what this is all about.<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2><s… text/html 2023-09-04T16:12:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:crc16?rev=1693843930 CRC generation - 16bit Here some examples of 16 bit CRC-code generators. The start-value is important: start with 0xFFFF and you have the CCITT version of CRC-16, start with 0x0000 and you have the CRC-16 as used in the XMODEM data-transfer protocol.<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-04T16:12:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:crc32c?rev=1693843936 CRC-32C Since the first implementation of a CRC to detect errors it has been discussed which polynomial has the highest chance of detecting multi-bit errors. Every polynomial can detect a 1 bit error. But the ability of detecting errors in more than 1 bit depends strongly on the polynomial. Castagnoli proposed an alternative polynomial ( 0x1EDC6F41 ) which has a better capability than the IEEE polynomial to detect multi-bit errors. The discussion on which polynomial is the best was only answere… text/html 2023-09-04T16:12:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:crc32_ieee?rev=1693843943 CRC, 32bit IEEE CRC The IEEE 32bit CRC standard was introduced for the ethernet protocol. The essential difference with previous CRC-implementations was that the start-number is 0xFFFFFFFF instead of 0x0. The reason is that a network can easily start with a couple of spurious 0x0's. A CRC with a 0x0 as start-number cannot detect such a network-specific error. By having 0xFFFFFFFF as start number, the first 4 characters received are effectively inverted. And that enables the detection of spuriou… text/html 2023-09-04T16:12:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:crc32_ieee_tablebased?rev=1693843949 CRC, fast 32bit IEEE CRC generation using a table Generating a CRC is a pretty slow process. One way of speeding up this process is by using a table. This table contains pre-calculated values of the 8 shifts and XOR steps done for each byte added to a CRC. This saves time, as a major part of the work is be done only once, during initialisation.<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-04T16:12:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:crc32_koop?rev=1693843956 CRC-32 KOOPMAN Since CRC's are used to detect errors, developers have been searching for the optimal polynomial. More specifically: which polynomial detects most bit-errors. The discussion on the optimal polynomial was definitely answered by Koopman in 2002. He tested ALL 32-bit polynomials for their bit-error-detecting capabilities for datastrings of 12112 bits (the size of an Ethernet MTU message). The tests where run using optimised software specifically written for the tests, and ran for 3 … text/html 2023-09-04T16:12:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:crc_generation?rev=1693843963 CRC generation The idea CRC-codes are used to check whether a set of data, like a string, is unchanged and intact. It can, for instance, be used to see whether a send message has been received correctly. An example explains the idea: a set of data is used to generate a number, the CRC-code. On the receiving end the same method is used to also generate a CRC-code on the received data. If the two CRC-codes match, there is a high likelihood that the data was correctly received.<div> <!-- If you … text/html 2023-09-04T16:12:51+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:day-of-the-week?rev=1693843971 Day of The Week In this programming pearl Albert Nijhof shows how to extract strings form a sequence of strings. The idea here is to represent the sequence of strings as a single string. 1 \ Day of the week -- an-10jan2022 2 \ From number to name, not using the case statement 3 4 \ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 \ sun mon tue wed thu fri sat 6 7 \ ===== For constant string length ===== 8 : .DAY ( n -- ) \ n in [0,6] 9 7 umin … text/html 2025-06-27T09:57:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:dht22-msp430g2553-noforth?rev=1751018247 Read DHT22 data using noForth on TI's Launchpad. (bit bang) go back Pseudocode Function: Pio ( -- ) \ set port I/O function. SDA --> P1.0 Function: wakeup ( -- ) \ notify sensor to prepare the data Function: @data ( -- sun moon hum tmp chk chksum ) \ get sensor data get response time of sensor, store in register 'sun' (just for testing) get startpulse duration, store in register 'moon' 40 loop read bit using 'moon' based delay lshift bit into array xx yy zz 08 lo… text/html 2025-06-29T11:25:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:dht22-rp2040-nofortht?rev=1751196306 go back (* DHT22 sensor, using PIO: 424 bytes Willem Ouwerkerk, 20250629 40-bits pulse stream 32-bits data & 8-bits checksum *) chere need arshift \ Load ARSHIFT from library need pio\ \ Load PIO (dis)assembler clean-pio decimal \ Empty code space, start at zero 0 0 {pio \ Use state machine-0 on PIO-0 160000 =freq \ On 4 * 40 kHz frequency (6.25 µs ticks) 05 1 =out-pins \ GPIO 5 for OUT & SET 05 1 =set-pins 05 =in-pin … text/html 2025-06-27T10:05:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:dht22?rev=1751018707 DHT22 The DHT22 module is a low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It utilizes a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and outputs a digital signal via a single data pin. It's known for its wider measurement range and higher accuracy compared to its predecessor, the DHT11. text/html 2025-04-27T11:39:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:dht22tmpformat?rev=1745753955 The DHT22 Document am2302-en-aosong.pdf Although this information is factually correct, I found some of it difficult to understand due to the cumbersome translation into English. Page 5 provides an example of how to handle the data. Example 1 first shows the interpretation of temperatures above 0 °C and then, as a text/html 2023-10-02T15:01:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:disassemblers_rp2040-assembler?rev=1696258901 Disassemblers * RP2040 disassembler, compact universal RP2040 disassembler. Note that the check on CFA's in skip-cfa is only correct for ITC code. For other systems this word need adaptation. * noForth, resident noForth disassembler. An example of its use, disassemble DUP, ?DUP & DROP in noForth:<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-05T04:33:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:disassembler_msp430-disassemblers?rev=1693888435 Disassemblers * MSP430 disassembler, compact universal MSP430 disassembler (the 27 basic opcodes). Note that the check on CFA's dasa @ @+ = is only correct for ITC code. For other systems these lines need adaptation. Not in Generic Forth: WITHIN CELL- 1- @+ <><h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2024-04-09T12:41:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:dlshift_drshift?rev=1712666496 Shifting doubles: DLSHIFT and DRSHIFT an.02apr2024 The code is for 32bit cells, to keep it readable. For other cell widths adjust the number 32 everywhere. Coded with LSHIFT and RSHIFT decimal : DLSHIFT ( lo hi n -- lo' hi' ) \ n in [0,32*2] tuck lshift >r \ hi' 2dup 32 - 2dup lshift >r \ lower lo to upper hi negate rshift >r \ upper lo to lower hi lshift \ lo' 2r> r> or or ; \ compose hi' : DRSHIFT ( lo hi… text/html 2023-09-04T16:14:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:do_plusloop_curiosity?rev=1693844053 DO +LOOP This is a bit of a curiosity. It is a high-level DO...+LOOP but with 2 limits, rather than 1. I have no clue what problem is solves, but it is a great solution! A standard +LOOP uses the first number from the stack as the limit. For instance 0 10 DO <h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-04T16:14:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:dump-genericforth.f?rev=1693844060 \ Dump utility in Generic Forth (WO 2021-09-16) \ This source code provides a simple HEX dump utility. \ \ Memory is accessed by C@ output is perfomed by EMIT. \ So this dump utility can be used also on quite limited systems. \ For a definition of BOUNDS see the list with well known words. \ \ Usage: \ <addr> <len> DUMP \ \ 4400 40 dump \ 4400: 36 45 16 B3 01 20 30 46 36 90 00 90 07 34 07 93 |6E 0F6 4 | \ 4410: 37 44 03 20 36 80 01 88 05 56 00 4F 36 90 00 70 |7D 6 V O6 p| \ 4420: 0… text/html 2023-09-04T16:14:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:dump-minimal_forth.fs?rev=1693844067 \ Dump utility in Minimal Forth uh 2021-08-11 \ This source code provides a simle hex dump utility. \ \ It does not require number output conversion U. U.R . .R <# # #S #> SIGN or HOLD \ \ Memory is accessed by C@ output is perfomed by EMIT. \ So this dump utility can be used also on quite limited systems. \ \ Usage: \ \ <addr> <len> DUMP \ \ or \ \ <addr> <len> ADJUSTED DUMP \ to start the dump at an even b/line boundary \ definitions missing from Minimal Forth : min ( n1 n2 -… text/html 2023-09-05T04:33:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:dump?rev=1693888439 DUMP memory algorithm: display content of main memory DUMP idea A DUMP utility is a software tool that allows to inspect main memory and display it in a user readable form. Typically output is composed of several lines that have the structure: Display bytes starting in memory at a given address in hex (or other radix). Behind them is the <h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2025-08-07T12:20:14+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:file_systems?rev=1754569214 NOF file system, for small Flash chips NOF idea Read and store data from/to source files on some sort of background medium. For these purposes a file system could be used. There are lots of variants present: FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2, Etc. This design is about a compact file system for small controllers and Flash memory chips. It uses text/html 2023-09-04T16:14:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:flyer?rev=1693844090 Flyer Ow! Now we are entering the taboo area of state-smartness... In noForth we have the word FLYER . It handles state-smartness in a uniform way. FLYER uses DIVE and both are implementation dependent FLYER is a NOOP during compile time. This is what FLYER does when STATE=0 :<div><ul></div><div><li></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div></li></div><div><li></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div></li></div><div></ul></div> text/html 2025-12-19T20:56:39+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c?rev=1766177799 I2C, The I2C protocol The PFW universal I2C drivers The I2C protocol is a must-have for any microcontroller. It opens up access to IO-expanders, real-time clocks, more memory and much much more. But starting with I2C in Forth might seem a daunting task. To help you use, and understand, the I2C protocol, PFW has developed a universal set of drivers for 3 different hardware platforms (MSP430, Risc-V, Raspberry/ARM). At the top level the drivers are the same for each platform. For instance, a devi… text/html 2023-09-04T16:15:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_device-drivers?rev=1693844105 I2C device drivers The idea for I2C device drivers There are lots of chips available using the I2C-protocol. These examples use the I2C implementation as described here. All of them need a specific device driver. To name some: sensors, memory, clocks, I/O, etc. Here you can add any driver you like to share. Preferably written in <div> <p align="center"> <img src="https://home.hccnet.nl/willem.ouwerkerk/egel-for-msp430/p33%20-%20pcf8591%20adc%20&%20dac.jpg" width="320" height="240" /> <b>… text/html 2023-09-06T12:06:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_gd32vf?rev=1694001997 I2C for the GD32VF103 * I2C for Mecrisp (not ready). * I2C implementation & examples for noForth. [bitbang I2C on GD32VF sm] Bitbang I2C on the GD32VF103 SEED board The SEED board contains some nice extra hardware: * 32.768kHz crystal * 24C02 I2C EEPROM * W25C64 SPI Flash memory * Three leds * Two switches * text/html 2023-09-04T16:15:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_gd32vf_mecrisp?rev=1693844118 I2C protocol for Mecrisp on the GD32VF text/html 2023-09-06T12:11:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_gd32vf_noforth?rev=1694002283 I2C for noForth on the GD32VF103 File name Commands Purpose README.md this file text/html 2023-09-04T16:15:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_gd32vf_noforth_advanced_i2c-ee.f?rev=1693844129 (* Advanced I2C 24C02 EEPROM demo PB6 = SCL PB7 = SDA Reading and writing to EEPROM type 24C02 A0 = EEPROM I2C bus address Load 'GD32VF103 bb-I2C.f' before this file *) hex i2c-on : {EEADDR ( ea +n -- ) \ Address EEPROM 50 device! {i2c-write bus! ; \ 24C02 EE-addr. \ Byte wide fetch and store in EEPROM : NEC@ ( -- b ) 1 {i2c-read bus@ i2c} ; \ EE Read next byte : EC@ ( ea -- b ) 1 {eeaddr i2c} nec@ ; \ EE Read byte… text/html 2023-09-04T16:15:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_gd32vf_noforth_gd32vf103_bb-i2c.f?rev=1693844135 (* GD32VF103 bitbang I2C driver Values for CRL/CRH-Registers: 0: Analog Input 1: Output Push/Pull, 10 MHz 2: Output Push/Pull, 2 MHz 3: Output Push/Pull, 50 MHz 4: Floating Input (Reset state) 5: Open-Drain Output, 10 MHz 6: Open-Drain Output, 2 MHz 7: Open-Drain Output, 50 MHz 8: Input with pull-up / pull-down 9: Alternate Function, Push/Pull, 10 MHz A: Alternate Function, Push/Pull, 2 MHz B: Alternate Function, Push/Pull, 50 MHz C: Reserved D: Alternate Function… text/html 2023-09-04T16:15:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_gd32vf_noforth_gd32vf103_hw-i2c.f?rev=1693844140 (* GD32VF103 hardware I2C driver Values for CRL/CRH-Registers: 0: Analog Input 1: Output Push/Pull, 10 MHz 2: Output Push/Pull, 2 MHz 3: Output Push/Pull, 50 MHz 4: Floating Input (Reset state) 5: Open-Drain Output, 10 MHz 6: Open-Drain Output, 2 MHz 7: Open-Drain Output, 50 MHz 8: Input with pull-up / pull-down 9: Alternate Function, Push/Pull, 10 MHz A: Alternate Function, Push/Pull, 2 MHz B: Alternate Function, Push/Pull, 50 MHz C: Reserved D: Alternate Functio… text/html 2023-09-04T16:15:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_gd32vf_noforth_i2c-test.f?rev=1693844146 \ Show if a device with address 'dev' is present on the I2C-bus : I2C? ( dev -- ) i2c-on device! {device-ok?} 0= if ." Not " then ." Present " ; \ End ;;; text/html 2023-09-04T16:15:53+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_gd32vf_noforth_simple_i2c-ee.f?rev=1693844153 (* Short I2C 24C02 EEPROM demo PB6 = SCL PB7 = SDA Reading and writing to EEPROM type 24C02 A0 = EEPROM I2C bus address Load 'GD32VF103 bb-I2C.f' before this file *) hex \ Read data 'x' from EEPROM address 'a'. : EC@ ( ia -- x ) 50 device! 1 {i2c-write bus! i2c} 1 {i2c-read bus@ i2c} ; \ Write 'x' to EEPROM address 'a' : EC! ( x ia -- ) 50 device! 2 {i2c-write bus! bus! i2c} ; \ Show stored string from EEPROM : SHOW ( -- ) i2c-on begi… text/html 2023-09-06T12:08:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_msp430?rev=1694002084 I2C for the MSP430 * I2C implementation for various MSP430 versions with EEPROM example for noForth Lecture timer with I2C OLED driver at work I2C for the MSP430 is there in three variants * Bitbang * USCI * eUSCI [ i2c-smaller] text/html 2023-09-04T16:16:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:i2c_noforth?rev=1693844166 I2C for noForth on the MSP430 [p30(u) - i2c bitbang usci input and output to pcf8574] I2C on the MSP430G2553 All driver files are from the Egel Project, from chapter 30ff. This code example works with all added driver versions of the noForth I2C implementation: \ Example with clock & 24C32 EEPROM : {EEADDR ( a +n -- ) \ Address EEprom 50 device! {i2c-write b-b bus! bus! ; \ Read data b from 24C32 EEPROM byte-address addr. : EC@ ( addr -- b ) 2 {eeaddr… text/html 2023-09-04T16:16:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:kangoeroe?rev=1693844197 Kangaroo method The „lone“ DOES> is used for the creation of only one word rather than for the creation of a category of words. simple example in noForth create .DAY ( n -- ) s" SunMonTueWedThuFriSat ? " m, align does> swap 7 umin 3 * + 3 type ; text/html 2025-04-01T13:56:09+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:library?rev=1743515769 A library for (no)Forth W.O. 2025 The idea Add a mechanism to Forth that allows code sections/chapters to be loaded from a large 'file' with a simple command. How the file is stored and what it contains is implementation-dependent. What matters is the interface. The sections or chapters are accessible through one or more keywords.<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Implementations</h2><h2 style="background-color:yellow">Other implementations</h2> text/html 2025-02-12T11:36:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:linear-conversion?rev=1739360208 Simple linear conversion A very simple method (no floating point, no algebraic formulas) for linear conversion of sensor output data to human-understandable units. Example 1, temperature Two points are given: Sensor output 400 and 1200 correspond to 10 and 36.3 degrees Celsius respectively. text/html 2024-06-11T14:28:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:map?rev=1718116120 Idea: Forth Key Value Data Structure map forth-map This forth-map data structure can be used to map strings to arbitrary data. Other programming languages have similar data structures and call them dictionaries, hashes or hashmaps. Forth-map is an example of an abstract data type. You operate the data structure via its interface words text/html 2023-09-04T16:16:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:marsaglias_xorshift_random_routine_for_gd32vf?rev=1693844203 Marsaglia's XORshift routine on the GD32VF103 RISC-V * Mecrisp-quintus, Marsaglia for Mecrisp-quintus text/html 2024-10-08T21:03:22+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:marsaglia_s_xorshift_for_arm?rev=1728421402 Marsaglia's XORshift routine on the ARM processor Raspberry Pi 3b+ with wabiForth The Forth version of the randomisation routines is the same on any processor as only standard Forth words are used. But the ARM-processor can do do a neat trick: it can do 1 cycle (dup, shift and xor) in 1 opcode!! And as most Forths include an assembler it is an interesting exercise to see how much faster the routine is when coded in assembly. This example is coded using wabiForth on a Raspberry 3b+, but the pri… text/html 2023-09-04T16:16:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:measuring-distance?rev=1693844215 Measuring distances The idea is to measuring distance using ultrasonic and other sensors. Ultrasonic sensors The most well known ultrasonic sensor is the HC-SR04 but there are a lot of different types available. Most use the same protocol. Some of them are different. Some sensors have a larger range at a higher voltage.<div> <p align="left"> <img src="https://home.hccnet.nl/willem.ouwerkerk/egel-for-msp430/p13%20-%20three%20different%20us-sensors.jpg" width="500" height="240" /> <b>Som… text/html 2025-02-22T13:15:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:multiline-comments?rev=1740230154 Multiline comment using (* *) uho 2022-01-20 Usage: (* Start a comment. Spans multiple lines. ends at *) Idea Standard Forth provides words to add comments to programs: * ( to skip text until the next closing parenthesis ) In principle these comments can span multiple lines (the <h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2025-03-14T12:30:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:multi_tasker?rev=1741955413 Cooperative multitasker The idea A simple cooperative multitasker for use in Forth systems. For the purpose of defining multiple independently running background program(s). Characteristics of such a cooperative multitasker: * Simple * Compact <!-- | **BASE** | 10 | 0A | 02 | | **RP0** | adr1 | adr2 | adr3 | | **SP0** | adr-1 | adr-2 | adr-3 | --> <h2 style="background-color:yellow">Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-04T17:30:22+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:muti_tasker?rev=1693848622 This idea will explain how a typical cooperative Forth multi tasker works. For now here is a glossary of the noForth multi tasker (in development): noForth multitasker glossary 2023-09-04 Multi Tasker Words * activate ( xt task -- ) Given a task text/html 2023-09-06T11:00:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:piliplop-noforth?rev=1693998058 PiliPlop, noForth versions This file must be loaded above WS2812 simple G2553.f or WS2812 simple FR5949.f It makes the colours flow over from one to the other! File name Commands Purpose on Github (external link) piliplop_ws2812-piliplop-01.f DEMO2 Fast colour change with hold ws2812-piliplop-01.f DEMO3 text/html 2023-09-04T16:17:14+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:piliplop?rev=1693844234 PiliPlop algorithm The idea When a number of different processes are to start at the same time and also be terminated at the same time, you need something like PiliPlop. It uses a Bresenham like algorithm. Original idea Albert Nijhof. Examples are: * A plotter text/html 2023-09-04T16:17:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:piliplop_ws2812-piliplop-01.f?rev=1693844239 \ PiliPlop used on WS2812 to flow smooth from one color to another hex \ Generic Forth needs these additional words: UMIN ABS +! 1+ */ MS \ Note that MS is a software timed loop and the value 190 should \ be adjusted for each individual Forth system! This value is \ about correct for an 8 MHz compact noForth system. 3 constant #COLORS : VARIABLES create here , cells allot does> @ swap cells + ; \ Array of cells : RANGE ( u1 s1 -- u2 s2 ) 2 umin >r FF umin r> ; \ WS2812 limi… text/html 2023-09-04T16:17:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:population_20count?rev=1693844246 Population Count Population count, or popcount, is counting the number of set bits in a byte or word (or whatever your computer uses). It is also known as Hamming Weigth (see below for a link). There is a surprisingly large range of algorithms where a popcount is usefull. For instance it is handy when handling interrupts, or when indexing used file blocks on a storage medium, or in cryptology. And chess-programs seem to use it in the valuation of a board. Anyhow, the common factor in most of th… text/html 2023-09-04T16:17:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:prefixes?rev=1693844257 Prefix TO A simple forth implementation of TO for values, extendable with other prefixes, extendable for other word types. (an 20dec2022) VARIABLE & VALUE, pros & cons Style VARIABLE with @ ! and +! = nice pure forth style VALUE with TO and +TO = typical non forth style<h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2023-09-04T16:17:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:primitive-circular-buffer?rev=1693844264 Primitive Circular Buffer uh 2021-12-11 Idea In a typical embedded application sensor readouts need to be stored in memory for processing. Because of memory limitations it might be reasonable to just store the latest data and remove old sensor readings. This can be done with a <div><ul></div><div><li></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div></li></div><div><li></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div></li></div><div><li></div><div><p></div><div></p></div><div></li><… text/html 2023-09-04T16:17:51+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:print-hex?rev=1693844271 Print Hex In this programming pearl Albert Nijhof shows how to print hexadecimal numbers with a given number of digits even if your Forth system does not provide pictured numeric output by means of <# # #> etc. 1 \ Tools -- Formatted unsigned single hex number output, not using BASE 2 \ an-17jan2022 3 4 decimal 5 : .1HX ( x -- ) \ Print last digit of x in hex 6 15 and \ lowest nibble 7 9 over < 7 and + \ for A..F 8 [char] 0 + emit ; … text/html 2023-09-04T16:17:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:pseudocode?rev=1693844278 Pseudo Code Pseudo Code descirbes an algorithm using some invented syntax that does not need to be a concrete syntaxx of an existing system. All that matters is to explain the algorthmic idea. We tend to use pseudocode like this: Use pseudo code following this style: text/html 2023-09-04T16:18:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:random_20generator_20completeness_20test?rev=1693844284 Random Generator Completeness Test There are many different tests to assess the quality of a random-number generator. The Diehard suite of tests from Prof. G. Marsaglia was the first in wide-spread use, and a lot more tests have been developed since. Presented here is a test for completeness. Linear Pseudorandom Number Generators have an exact amount of numbers they generate before the return to their starting point (wrap around). A good generator generates all possible numbers exactly once bef… text/html 2024-10-09T13:47:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:random_generators_xorshift?rev=1728481670 Random generator using XORshift Introduction Prof. G. Marsaglia in 1995 published the well-known DIEHARD set of statistical tests for measuring the quality of random generators. In 2003 he published a novel way of generating random numbers, called the XORshift generator. It is fast and has good quality. It is also easy to implement and can be adapted to the needs of the user. The method works with any number of seeds and can be adapted to 16, 32 or 64 bits (or larger<hr style="height:3px;borde… text/html 2023-09-04T16:18:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:reflection-sensors?rev=1693844296 Reflection sensors Idea A reflection sensor is most of the time a sensor that uses (infrared) light to detect the precence of an object. TCND5000 the demonstrated sensor [TCND5000] [Sketch schematics] [Cosey floor sensors on the front side sm][Reflection sensor schematics] Upper left: The TNCD5000 is a sensitive photo diode and an infrared led in one case. text/html 2023-09-04T16:18:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:sensors?rev=1693844304 Sensors, an overview The idea is to give examples for a variety of available sensors. To measure time, temperature, pressure, magnetism, distance, light level, etc. * Measuring distances, using ultrasonic and other sensors. * Reflection sensors, a sensor that uses (infrared) light to detect the presence of an object. text/html 2024-10-17T11:09:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:sha-256?rev=1729163371 SHA-256 HASH-generator The SHA-256 hash is widely used as the basis for computer security. Generating a SHA-256 hash is not totally trivial though. This version closely follows the original description, by using and naming all the variables and functions as put down in the documentation. This helps in understanding the actual SHA-hash algorithm. More efficient implementation are easily possible, but tend to be more or less system specific. text/html 2023-09-04T16:18:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:simulation-forest_fire?rev=1693844309 Simulation, Forest fire This program simulates the way a forest fire develops after a lightning-strike, and it shows how the fires influence the structure of a forest. The idea is based on a publication by B. Drossel and F. Schwabl, Self-Organised critical forest-fire model, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, No. 11, September 1992. text/html 2023-09-04T16:18:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:simulations-cozy?rev=1693844315 Simulation, COZY This program is a simulation of agents which, if given the chance, move to a place where they feel more at home In other words, to a place with a more cozy atmosphere. It is a very simple simulation but it has a suprising end-result: the end result looks like 4 bubbles. And if 2 or 3 of these bubbles touch, they still look like bubbles would.<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=7b2-aXWt0z0 " target="_blank"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/7b2-aXWt… text/html 2024-08-03T11:47:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi?rev=1722685664 SPI protocol, general introduction The Idea of SPI SPI is a synchronous serial protocol with three to four lines, it is used for (LCD) displays, (Flash) memory chips, SD-cards, etc. 1. MOSI Master Out Slave In 2. MISO Master In Slave Out 3. CLK Clock 4. CE Chip Enable (also called SS) <div> <!-- **Missing words** ``` *BIS ( bitmask addr -- ) Set the bits from bitmask at half cell address *BIC ( bitmask addr -- ) Clear the bits from bitmask at half cell addr… text/html 2023-09-06T05:30:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf?rev=1693978232 SPI protocol, GD32VF103 versions For these systems there is SPI in bitbang and/or hardware version: * noforth, SPI for noForth including examples, OLED, Flash memory, etc. * mecrisp-quintus, SPI for mecrisp including a BME280 & SD-card example ---------- [Inlezen een karakter in noForth] Read a character using SPI from a W25Q64 external Flash memory text/html 2024-07-22T09:01:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_mecrisp-quintus?rev=1721638910 SPI examples Here you will find examples for SPI usage with mecrisp-quintus running on the Longan Nano board by Sipeed and maybe other boards too. This board has the GD32VF103xxx MCU 48-Pinout. If you want to use it on other flavors (36, 64, or 100 pins) you're on your own. text/html 2023-09-04T16:20:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_mecrisp-quintus_bme280?rev=1693844400 SPI implementation for gd32vf RISCV on mecrisp-quintus for accessing the BME280 humidity sensor I use this little breakout board. Be aware that it comes with seven pads. There are others with 5 or 6 pads. The sensor itself is the tiny silver square with a very tiny hole in the middle of the upper half of the board. text/html 2023-09-04T16:20:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_mecrisp-quintus_sd-card-bitbang_sdcard.fs?rev=1693844406 \ Filename: sdcard.fs \ Purpose: access sdcard via spi1 bit banging \ MCU: GD32VF103 \ Board: * , tested with Logan Nano \ Core: Mecrisp-Quintus 0.27 by Matthias Koch. \ Required: Mecrisp-Quintus >= 0.27 \ Author: Matthias Koch \ Date : Jun 2020 \ Requiers: registernames.fs \ Literature: https://www.convict.lu/pdf/ProdManualSDCardv1.9.pdf \ Licence: GPLv3 \ Changelog: \ 2020-07-31: MaBi002 added "noanswer?" \ 2020-08-01: MaBi003 added sd-error? \ 2020-08… text/html 2023-09-06T12:32:51+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_noforth?rev=1694003571 SPI protocol for the GD32VF103 * Bitbang on port-A Note that the highlevel generates a 300 kHz clock, the low level variant a 1 MHz clock. The bitbang SPI setup has no restrictions at all. More on I/O-ports from page 101ff of the user manual mentioned below. text/html 2023-09-04T16:20:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_noforth_bbspi_v100.f?rev=1693844418 (* This version Willem Ouwerkerk - April 2021 - bitbang SPI driver With use of some of the data from Mecrisp, but much more the GD32VF103 user manual V1.2 Please note that 27 MHz is the maximum SPI clock frequency! 40010800 = PORTA 40010C00 = PORTB 40011000 = PORTC 40011400 = PORTD 40011800 = PORTE 40021000 = RCU_CTL 40021018 = RCU_APB2EN 40013000 = SPI0_CTL0 40013008 = SPI0_STAT 4001300C = … text/html 2023-09-04T16:20:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_noforth_flash_driver_gd32.f?rev=1693844424 (* Barebone SPI Flash memory driver for GD32VF103 Primitive functions: {FL ( c -- ) = Open SPI to flash & send command c {FREAD ( a c -- b ) = Send read command c & address, read byte b from address {FREAD+ ( a +n -- a+n b ) = Read +n bytes from address a and increase a with that amount leaving the first databyte b READY? ( -- f ) = Leave true when an erase or write action is ready WRITE-ON ( -- ) = Activate write … text/html 2023-09-04T16:20:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_noforth_spi-loopback.f?rev=1693844430 (* SPI loopback test Connect PA6 (MISO) and PA7 (MOSI) on the GD32VF103 board The output is printed and increased by one until a key is pressed *) : COUNTER ( -- ) spi-on 0 begin spi-i/o dup . 1+ 80 ms key? until drop ; \ End ;;; text/html 2023-09-04T16:20:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_noforth_spi0_v100.f?rev=1693844436 (* This version Willem Ouwerkerk - March 2021 - SPI0 driver With use of the data from Mecrisp. Please note that 27 MHz is the maximum SPI clock frequency! 40010800 = PORTA 40010C00 = PORTB 40011000 = PORTC 40011400 = PORTD 40011800 = PORTE 40021000 = RCU_CTL 40021018 = RCU_APB2EN 40013000 = SPI0_CTL0 40013008 = SPI0_STAT 4001300C = SPI0_DATA RCU_APB2EN = Clock enable register |5432|1098|7654|32… text/html 2023-09-04T16:20:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_gd32vf_noforth_spi_oled_display_gd32.f?rev=1693844444 (* Primitive SPI OLED text driver \ SPI0, connected to flash memory on SEEED dev. board PA5 = SCK - B 40010800 PA6 = MISO - B PA7 = MOSI - B PC1 = CS - 3 40011000 SPI0 = OLED (MISO=PA6, MOSI=PA7, CLK=PA5, CS=PC1, DC=PC2, RST=PC3) *) \ Redefine {SPI SPI} code {SPI ( -- ) sun 4001100C li \ PORTC_ODR Port-C output address w sun ) .mov \ Read Port-C w -3 .andi \ Clear bit-1 sun ) w .mov \ Write Port-C… text/html 2023-09-06T10:51:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430?rev=1693997495 SPI protocol MSP430 versions Bitbang, USCI and eUSCI versions For those systems: * noForth, With examples, WS2812 driver, OLED, Flash memory, etc. ---------- [Micro Launchpad als node-1 sm] Micro Launchpad with MSP430G2553 talks to a 24L01P via SPI ---------- eUSCI SPI OLED & Flash driver (implementing the NOF file system) text/html 2023-09-04T16:20:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_flash_driver_msp430.f?rev=1693844458 (* Barebone SPI Flash memory driver for MSP430FR5949 Primitive functions: {FL ( c -- ) = Open SPI to flash & send command c {FREAD ( da c -- b ) = Send read command c & address, read byte b from address {FREAD+ ( da +n -- da+n b ) = Read +n bytes from address a and increase a with that amount leaving the first databyte b READY? ( -- f ) = Leave true when an erase or write action is ready WRITE-ON ( -- ) = … text/html 2023-09-06T12:49:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_noforth?rev=1694004547 SPI protocol noForth versions * MSP430G2xxx, bitbang SPI version for the MSP430G2553 * MSP430FR59xx, bitbang SPI version for the MSP430FR5949 * MSP430F14x, bitbang SPI version for the MSP430F149 * MSP430G2xxx, USCI B0 SPI version for the MSP430G2553 * MSP430FR59xx, eUSCI A1 SPI version for the MSP430FR5949 text/html 2023-09-04T16:21:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_noforth_bbspi_msp-f149_v100.f?rev=1693844470 (* Bitbang SPI interface on P3 or P5 of MSP430F149 Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Lable name ------------------------------------------------------------- Input 20 28 18 1C 30 34 PxIN Output 21 29 19 1D 31 35 PxOUT Direction 22 2A 1A 1E 32 36 PxDIR Intrpt flag 23 2B 1B 1F 33 37 PxIFG Intrpt edge 24 2C -- -- -- -- PxIES Intrpt on/off 25 2D -- -- … text/html 2023-09-04T16:21:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_noforth_bbspi_msp-fr_v100.f?rev=1693844476 (* Bitbang SPI interface on P2 IN OUT DIR REN SEL0 SEL1 P1 200 202 204 206 20A 20C P2 201 203 205 207 20B 20D P3 220 222 224 226 22A 22C P4 221 223 225 227 22B 22D PJ 320 322 324 326 32A 32C P2 is used for interfacing the SPI with eUSCI-A1 P2.3 - CS \ SPI enable low x1=Select P2.4 - CLOCKPULSE \ Clock x1=Clock P2.5 - MOSI \ Data bitstream out x1=Mosi P2.6 -… text/html 2023-09-04T16:21:21+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_noforth_bbspi_msp-g_v100.f?rev=1693844481 (* Bitbang SPI interface on P1 & P2 P1.4 - CLK 10 \ Clock x1=Clock P2.0 - CS 01 \ SPI enable low x1=Chip select P2.1 - MISO 02 \ Data bitstream out x0=Master in P2.2 - MOSI 04 \ Data bitstream in x1=Master out More SPI info on page 444ff of SLAU144J.PDF Configuration of the pins on page 49ff of SLAS735J.PDF *) hex v: fresh : SPI-ON ( -- ) 03 2A *bis \ P2DIR P2.0 & P2.1 for SP… text/html 2023-09-04T16:21:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_noforth_eusci-a1_spi_msp_v100.f?rev=1693844487 (* USCI-A SPI on P2 of MSP430FR59x9 IN OUT DIR REN SEL0 SEL1 P1 200 202 204 206 20A 20C P2 201 203 205 207 20B 20D P3 220 222 224 226 22A 22C P4 221 223 225 227 22B 22D PJ 320 322 324 326 32A 32C UCxyCTLW UCxyBRW UCx0ySTAT UCxyIFG UCxyTXBUF UCxyRXBUF UCA0 5C0 5C6 5C8 5DC 5CE 5CC UCA1 5E0 5E6 5E8 5FC 5EE 5EC UCB0 640 646 648 66C 64E … text/html 2023-09-04T16:21:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_noforth_usart1_spi_msp-f149_v100.f?rev=1693844494 (* USART-0/1 SPI on P3 or P5 of MSP430F149 Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Lable name ------------------------------------------------------------- Input 20 28 18 1C 30 34 PxIN Output 21 29 19 1D 31 35 PxOUT Direction 22 2A 1A 1E 32 36 PxDIR Intrpt flag 23 2B 1B 1F -- -- PxIFG Intrpt edge 24 2C -- -- -- -- PxIES Intrpt on/off 25 2D -- -- -- … text/html 2023-09-04T16:21:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_noforth_uscib_spi_msp_v100.f?rev=1693844501 (* USCI-B SPI on P1 of MSP430G2553 020 = P1IN - Input register 021 = P1OUT - Output register 022 = P1DIR - Direction register 026 = P1SEL - Configuration register 1 027 = P1REN - Resistance on/off 041 = P1SEL2 - Configuration register 2 P1 is used for interfacing the SPI P1.4 - CS \ SPI enable low x1=Select P1.5 - CLOCKPULSE \ Clock x1=Clock P1.6 - MISO \ Data bitstream in x0=Miso P1.7 - MOSI … text/html 2023-09-04T16:21:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_spi-loopback_msp430.f?rev=1693844508 (* SPI loopback test For: MSP430G2553 Connect P1.6 (MISO) and P1.7 (MOSI) on any MSP430G2553 board The output is printed and increased by one until a key is pressed For: MSP430FR59x9 Connect P2.6 (MISO) and P2.5 (MOSI) on any MSP430FR59x9 board The output is printed and increased by one until a key is pressed For: MSP430F149 Connect P5.2 (MISO) and P5.1 (MOSI) on any MSP430F14x board The output is printed and increased by one until a key is pressed *) : COUNTER ( -- ) spi-on 0 … text/html 2023-09-04T16:21:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_spi_oled_display.f?rev=1693844515 (* Primitive SPI OLED text driver UCA1 = OLED (RST=P2.7, SIMO=P2.5, CLK=P2.4, CS=P2.3, DC=P2.2,) *) \ OLED primitives : COMM ( -- ) 4 203 *bic ; \ OLED command : DATA ( -- ) 4 203 *bis ; \ OLED screen data : {CMD ( b -- ) comm {spi spi-out ; \ Start OLED command stream : {DATA ( b -- ) data {spi spi-out ; \ Start OLED data stream : OL} ( b -- ) spi-out spi} ; \ End an OLED stream : >BRIG… text/html 2023-09-04T16:22:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_ws2812_simple_fr5949.f?rev=1693844523 (* WS2812 ledstrip using SPI on MSP430FR5949 P2.5 - DATA-OUT \ Data bitstream out x1=Mosi You configure this code to connect 1 to 1000 leds, note that at full power each led consumes ~60 mA so 1000 * 60 = 60.000 mA = 60 Amp!!! The word DEMO shows some colors on the connected LEDs *) dm 40 constant #LEDS \ Note here the number of WS2812 leds connected create 'RGB 3 allot align \ Color buffer : >RGB ( r g b -- ) \ Write down colour scheme in buff… text/html 2023-09-04T16:22:09+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:spi_msp430_ws2812_simple_g2553.f?rev=1693844529 (* WS2812 ledstrip using SPI on MSP430G2553 Note that this code needs a 16 MHz DCO clock frequency Because the strict timing for WS2812 and alike LEDs the basic driver has to be coded in assembly. At least on the MSP430! These are the words ONEBYTE and RENEW P1.7 - DATA-OUT \ Data bitstream out x1=Mosi You configure this code to connect 1 to 1000 leds, note that at full power each led consumes ~60 mA so 1000 * 60 = 60.000 mA = 60 Amp!!! The word DEMO shows some colors on the… text/html 2023-09-04T16:22:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:stackchecking?rev=1693844535 Stack Checking Utility: Debugging through Run-Time Stack Checks Stack Checking idea The Stack Checking utility is a debugging tool for Forth, used to validate stack comments and the actual stack behaviour of a word. It's a run-time check that ensures the number of items in the stack before and after the execution of a word, matches the comment description. <h2 style="background-color:yellow">Alternative Implementations</h2> text/html 2025-12-27T13:12:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:string_handling?rev=1766841179 String handling The idea Character strings are mostly associated with dynamic memory and garbage collection. That is an overkill with the string handling that is used in most Forth programs. In particular we can get by with buffers that are statically allocated using CREATE. It is still useful to lift manipulating single characters to manipulating strings as a whole. text/html 2026-01-02T18:19:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:struct?rev=1767377947 Struct Structs (kurz für „structures“ oder auf Deutsch „Strukturen“) sind ein grundlegendes Konzept in vielen Programmiersprachen, insbesondere in C, wo sie ursprünglich eingeführt wurden. Sie dienen dazu, zusammengehörige Daten unterschiedlicher Typen zu einem neuen, benutzerdefinierten Datentyp zu bündeln text/html 2025-08-01T09:17:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:substitution-phrases?rev=1754039854 Substitution phrases uh 2022-02-21 The idea of substitution phrases Sometimes you face a Forth system, that does not support a specific feature that you might want to use. For example you might want to compare two numbers (first and second) to find out whether or not the first number is less or equal than the second number. You would like to write text/html 2025-08-04T09:34:21+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:switchledwithbutton?rev=1754300061 Switch LED with button Idea The LED in a button is to be switched on and off safely. Implementation The challenge is to give the user a sure feeling when switching. Nothing should flicker and there must be no doubt about the state of the switch. text/html 2025-08-04T09:28:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:tasto?rev=1754299705 TASTO? A key (Italian tasto, Latin clavis) or a button is a control element that is operated by pressing and automatically returns to its original position when released. Forth has KEY? and KEY to query the computer's keyboard. I therefore call the query of a different individual key something else. Figure below shows such a key. text/html 2023-09-04T16:23:22+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:twomoredumps.f?rev=1693844602 \ Two more DUMPs for a forth that has no .R and U.R \ an 20oct2021 \ - 1 - hex : DUMP ( a n -- ) 0 max 1000 min \ safety for n over + >r \ limit begin dup r@ u< while cr dup u. ." : " \ .addr dup 8 0 do count dup 10 < if space then . loop drop \ .bytes ." |" 8 0 do count dup 7F < and bl max emit loop \ .chars ." |" repeat r> 2drop cr ; \ The for… text/html 2025-12-02T19:44:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:unit?rev=1764704686 UNIT text/html 2026-01-13T17:16:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:usb_cdc_driver_for_rp2040?rev=1768324617 USB CDC driver for RP2040 The idea This is a compact and universal MSP430 USB CDC driver. Every effort has been made to make it portable. What we need to do in short * Initialising the USB hardware on the RP2040. * Receiving and responding to setup packets from the host (PC). This determines which driver the text/html 2026-01-02T17:30:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:welcome?rev=1767375010 Welcome to Project Forth Works What this project is all about ... Forth would benefit greatly from an active community sharing sources and solutions. But our problem lies in the saying: If you've seen one Forth, you've seen one Forth. With this project we want to acknowledge our differences and start sharing despite the many different Forths dialects. text/html 2025-06-27T09:51:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:whatisapioblock?rev=1751017916 What is RP2040 PIO ? The RP2040 PIO (Programmable Input Output) is a feature of the RP2040 microcontroller that allows users to create custom interfaces or implement specific protocols that may not be natively supported by the microcontroller. It consists of two PIO blocks, each containing four state machines that can execute small programs independently of the CPU (Cortex-M0+). These state machines can manage inputs and outputs in a deterministic way, ensuring precise timing regardless of th… text/html 2023-09-05T04:33:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless?rev=1693888435 Wireless Communication The idea is to let computers talk to each other without wires. These days there are a lots of wireless protocols and frequencies available. Well known protocols are Wifi & Bluetooth, but there are a lot more. HC08 Bluetooth transceiver on Cosey robot text/html 2025-11-17T14:03:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_communication_mesh-network?rev=1763388182 Mesh network [mesh in action] Three Egel-kits communicating The idea Using standard wireless transceivers to form a self constructing mesh network. Basically each node has the same structure, the only difference is the node address. The transceiver used here is the nRF24L01 or the Chinese clone named text/html 2025-11-18T16:16:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_communication_nrf24l01?rev=1763482575 nRF24L01+ 2.4GHz transceiver The nRF24L01+ is a cheap 2.4GHz transceiver module with a low level part of the communication layer already in hardware available. Features of the nRF24L01+ are, adjustable auto retransmit, RF ACK handshake, a 1 to 32 byte payload with variable length (Dynamic Payload), Fifo of 3 deep, 125 selectable frequencies, adjustable output power, CRC, etc.<a name="bidirectional-demo"></a><a name="range&disturbance-test"></a><a name="range&disturbance-test"></a> text/html 2023-09-04T16:23:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_basic_24l01dn_g2553-01a.f?rev=1693844636 \ This version 01, for USCI_B0 runs on noForth C2553 version 200202 & later. \ \ USCI hardware SPI on MSP430G2553 using port-1 & port-2. \ SPI i/o interfacing the nRF24L01 with two or more Launchpad boards \ Micro Launchpads and/or Egel kits. \ \ Connect the SPI lines of USCIB P1.5=CLOCKPULSE, P1.6=DATA-IN, P1.7=DATA-OUT \ P1.4=CSN, P2.3=CE of the nRF24L01. On the Egel kit it's just putting the \ module in the connector marked nRF24L01!! \ \ Note that decoupling is very important right near the… text/html 2023-09-04T16:49:51+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_gd32vf?rev=1693846191 GD32VF103 implementation for nRF24L01+ The nRF24L01+ is a cheap 2.4GHz transceiver module with a low level part of the communication layer already in hardware available. Features of the nRF24L01+ are, adjustable auto retransmit, RF ACK handshake, a 1 to 32 byte payload with variable length (Dynamic Payload), Fifo of 3 deep, 120 selectable frequencies, adjustable output power, CRC, etc. text/html 2023-09-04T16:24:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_gd32vf_noforth?rev=1693844650 noForth nRF24L01+ driver This page on Github text/html 2023-09-04T16:49:51+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_msp430?rev=1693846191 MSP430 implementation for nRF24L01+ The nRF24L01+ is a cheap 2.4GHz transceiver module with a low level part of the communication layer already in hardware available. Features of the nRF24L01+ are, adjustable auto retransmit, RF ACK handshake, a 1 to 32 byte payload with variable length (Dynamic Payload), Fifo of 3 deep, 120 selectable frequencies, adjustable output power, CRC, etc. text/html 2023-09-04T16:24:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_msp430_noforth-fr59xx?rev=1693844663 noForth nRF24L01+ driver for MSP430G2553 & MSP430F149 This page on Github text/html 2023-09-04T16:24:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_msp430_noforth-g2553_20f149?rev=1693844669 noForth nRF24L01+ driver for MSP430FR59xx This page on Github text/html 2023-09-04T16:24:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_rangechecker_g2553_usci.f?rev=1693844675 \ Code to test for busy channels and nRF24 range checks \ \ CHECK = Test all avialable 2.4GHz channels \ CARRIER = Test only given channel \ WAVE = Send carrier on channel with a given power \ PULSE = Idem but also a 50/100 pulse length in millisec. \ \ Extra words: MS ( nRF24L01 RF test ) : ?LED ( f -- ) if led-on else led-off then ; : CARRIER? ( -- 0|1 ) \ Check for carrier flush-rx read-mode \ Free receiver, receive mod… text/html 2023-09-04T16:24:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_receive_test.f?rev=1693844680 \ Basic nRF24 bidirectional RECEIVE routine \ \ Recieve T, increase counter & transmit : and counter back \ \ Extra words: MS \ *BIS ( mask addr -- ) Set the bits represented by mask at address \ *BIC ( mask addr -- ) Clear the bits represented by mask at address \ *BIX ( mask addr -- ) XOR the bits represented by mask with the bits at address \ B-B ( 16-bit -- bl bh ) Split 16-bit to a low byte & high byte \ : KICK-NRF24 ( -- ) 1 to #me 55 to #ch 1 to rf spi-… text/html 2023-09-04T16:24:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/en:pfw:wireless_nrf24l01_transmit_test.f?rev=1693844688 \ Basic nRF24 bidirectional TRANSMIT routine \ \ Transmit T & receive : and a count as answer \ \ Extra words: MS \ *BIS ( mask addr -- ) Set the bits represented by mask at address \ *BIC ( mask addr -- ) Clear the bits represented by mask at address \ *BIX ( mask addr -- ) XOR the bits represented by mask with the bits at address \ B+B ( bl bh -- 16-bit ) Combine two bytes to a 16-bit word \ 0 value WAIT \ Hold on/off period time : KICK-NRF24 ( -- ) 0 to #me …