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-=== Examples for Lecture Number 11 ===
-<code>
-Screen 0 not modified
-\ Examples for Lecture Number 11               20:27JWB12/07/85
-\ Last change:   Screen  007                   11:12jwb11/22/87
-
-
-
-                 USER  VARIABLES
-
-                 MULTI TASKING
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Screen 2 not modified
-\ BLOCK                                        16:03JWB11/29/85
-
-
-   BLOCK   ( n   adr )   Given the block number n, BLOCK returns
-         the in address, adr, of the assigned block buffer. The
-         buffer address, adr, is the location of the first data
-         storage cell of the buffer, which consists of 1024 bytes
-
-
-   UPDATE  ( --  -- )  Mark most recently referenced block as
-       modified.  Then if its block buffer is required it will
-       automatically be transfered back to mass storage.
-
-
-
-
-Screen 3 not modified
-  BUFFER                                       16:50JWB11/29/85
-  BUFFER  ( n  adr )  Assign block n the buffer storage area at
-        adr .  The function is the same as for BLOCK  except
-        that the contents of the data storage area are undefined
-        That is . . .  The buffer is assigned only and the
-        if the block is not already in memory its contents might
-        not be transfered from mass storage.  Not often used.
-
-  EMPTY-BUFFERS  ( --  -- ) Erase all data in block buffers,
-        initialize buffer pointers and mark buffers as empty.
-
-  SAVE-BUFFERS   ( --  -- ) Transfer all buffers marked as
-        updated to mass storage and then mark them as unmodified
-
-  FLUSH          ( --  -- ) Same effect as SAVE-BUFFERS followed
-        by EMPTY-BUFFERS .
-Screen 4 not modified
-\ Virtual vector arrays-1                      11:26jwb11/22/87
-BLK @ 2+  (  6 ) CONSTANT FIRST-BLOCK
-BLK @ 4 + (  8 ) CONSTANT LAST-BLOCK
-     CREATE   POINTER    0 ,  \ Keeps track of amount allocated.
-     VARIABLE STORE?          \ Fetch store flag
-: =>  STORE? ON ;            \ Assignment operator.
-\ Allot some virtual memory cells.
-: B-ALLOT  ( n  -- )
-         DUP POINTER @ +
-         LAST-BLOCK FIRST-BLOCK -  1+ 1024 * >
-         ABORT" Allocated virtual memory exausted"
-         POINTER +!  ;
-\ Compile time routine.
-: COMPILE-VVECTOR ( n    -- )
-         POINTER @ OVER 2* B-ALLOT
-         ,  ,  ;   \ pfa: pointer : array-size :
-Screen 5 not modified
-\ Virtual vector arrays-2                      11:26jwb11/22/87
-\ Runtime for virtual vector.  ?? may be data item to be stored
-: RUN-VVECTOR  ( ?? pfa    ??? ) \ ??? may be data fetched.
-         2DUP 2+ @ < NOT        \ ?? pfa  flag
-         IF STORE? OFF -1 ABORT" Subscript out of range." THEN
-         @ SWAP 2*              \ ?? pointer index
-         + B/BUF /MOD           \ ?? offset  block-offset
-         FIRST-BLOCK + BLOCK +  \ ?? data-storage-address
-         STORE? @  STORE? OFF
-         IF  ! UPDATE  ELSE @ THEN ;
-
-: VVECTOR
-         CREATE  COMPILE-VVECTOR
-         DOES>   RUN-VVECTOR ;
-
-   500  VVECTOR  XX   500  VVECTOR  YY   500 VVECTOR ZZ
-Screen 9 not modified
-\ Multitasking.                                21:01JWB12/07/85
-Multitasking allows one computer to appear to do several things
-at the same time.  Most of the time a single user computer sits
-in an idle loop waiting for the operator to press the keyboard.
-
-The idea is to utilize this waiting time to perform other useful
-tasks.  Typical background tasks would be watching over
-instruments in a lab, printing a long file, updating a clock etc
-
-F83 uses a very simple yet  effective round-robin scheduling
-technique.  Task switching is extremly fast because each task
-maintains its own  parameter and return stacks and its own set
-of critical variables ( called USER variables ).
-
-The task switcher just changes the pointer to the correct list
-of USER variables.
-Screen 10 not modified
-\ Task dependent user variables.               20:44JWB12/07/85
-\ The following USER variables are needed in every task.
-TOS      Saved during Task switching.
-ENTRY    Jumped to during multitasking.
-LINK     Points to next task in the circular queue
-SP0      Empty parameter stack for this task.
-RP0      Empty return stack for this task.
-DP       Size of dictionary.  Next available location.
-#OUT     Number of characters sent since last CR.
-#LINE    Number of CR's sent since last page.
-OFFSET   Added to all block references.
-BASE     The current numeric base for number input output.
-HLD      Points to a converted character during numeric output.
-FILE     Allows printing of one file while editing another.
-IN-FILE  Allows printing of one file while editing another.
-PRINTING  indicates whether printing is enabled.
-Screen 11 not modified
-\  PAUSE  RESTART                              21:13JWB12/07/85
-
-PAUSE   When multitasking PAUSE stops the current task and
-         passes control to the next task in the round-robin loop.
-
-         When singletasking PAUSE is equivalent to a NOOP.
-
-RESTART When multitasking RESTART does the reverse of PAUSE.
-         It restores critical information stored in tasks user
-         variables and starts executing the task left asleep
-         during the last pass.
-
-
-
-
-
-Screen 12 not modified
-\ SLEEP  WAKE   STOP  MULTI  SINGLE            21:20JWB12/07/85
-SLEEP   ( adr  -- )  Used in the form:  {taskname}  SLEEP
-         Make the addressed task pause indefinitely.
-
-WAKE    ( adr  -- )  Used in the form:  {taskname}  WAKE
-         Wake up task so that it will execute next time round.
-
-STOP    ( --  -- )   Make the current task pause indefinitely.
-
-MULTI   ( --  -- )   Start the multitasker.  This is done by
-         installing the scheduler/dispatcher loop and activating
-         PAUSE.
-
-SINGLE  ( --  -- )   Stop multitasking.  This is done by
-         removing the scheduler/dispatcher loop and restoring
-         PAUSE to its NOOP function.
-Screen 13 not modified
-\ Task Definition.                             22:54JWB12/07/85
-
-TASK: {taskname}  ( size  -- )   Creates a named task.  A task
-         must frist be defined as a word in the dictionary.
-         Space must also be allocated for:
-         1) Its USER variable area.
-         2) Two stacks ( parameter stack and return stack).
-         3) Extra dictionary space for its I/O buffers at PAD
-            The parameter size abover is the amount of dictionary
-            space for this task.
-
-         In addition to alloting space the new task must be
-         installed in the round-robin loop.
-Example:
-400  TASK:  MYTASK    \ Creates a task called MYTASK with 400
-                       \ bytes of dictionary space.
-Screen 14 not modified
-\  SET-TASK                                    20:28JWB12/07/85
-
-SET-TASK  ( ip.adr task.adr  -- )   Assign an existing task to
-         execute the code pointed to by ip.adr.  This word is
-         used in ACTIVATE  which is the end-user word.
-
-ACTIVATE ( task.adr   -- )   Assign the invoked task to execute
-         the following code and wake up the task makine it ready
-         to execute.
-
-BACKGROUND: {taskname} ( --  -- )  Create a new task with 400
-         bytes of dictionary space and initialize it to execute
-         the code which follows up to the semi-colon .
-
-
-
-Screen 15 not modified
-\  Multitasking Examples.                      20:28JWB12/07/85
-ONLY EDITOR ALSO FORTH DEFINITIONS ALSO
-2VARIABLE  TCOUNT
-: TT   TCOUNT 2@ D. ;
-
-: COUNTER
-      10000.  TCOUNT 2!
-      BEGIN  PAUSE
-             TCOUNT 2@ 1. D-  TCOUNT 2!
-             TCOUNT 2@  D0=
-      UNTIL
-      CR " COUNTER IS DONE"  VTYPE    STOP ;
-
-
-BACKGROUND:  TASK1  COUNTER  ;
-
-Screen 16 not modified
-\ TASK-COUNT
-
-: TASK-COUNT
-          0.  TCOUNT 2!
-      BEGIN  PAUSE
-             TCOUNT 2@ 1. D+  TCOUNT 2!
-      AGAIN  ;
-
-     TASK1  SLEEP
-     ' TASK-COUNT >BODY TASK1  SET-TASK
-     TASK1  WAKE
-
-\   TASK1  SLEEP
-\  ' COUNTER >BODY  TASK1  SET-TASK
-\   TASK1   WAKE
-
-Screen 17 not modified
-\  S.ON  S.OFF  TONE                           13:22JWB12/08/95
-HEX
-:   S.ON  ( --  -- )      \  Turn speaker on.
-         61 PC@ 3  OR   61 PC! ;
-:   S.OFF ( --  -- )       \ Turn speaker off.
-         61 PC@ FFFC AND  61 PC! ; DECIMAL
-
-: TONE  ( freq  -- )       \ Make tone of specified frequency.
-     21 MAX                 \ Lowest frequency.
-     1.190000  ROT          \ Get divisor for timer.
-     MU/MOD                 \ 16bit.rem   32bit.quot
-     DROP NIP  [ HEX ]      \ Keep 16-bit quotient only.
-     0B6   043 PC!          \ Write to timer mode register.
-     100  /MOD SWAP         \ Split into hi and low byte.
-     42 PC! 42 PC!          \ Store low and high byte in timer.
-     S.ON  ;  DECIMAL
-Screen 18 not modified
-\ PIPPING                                      13:23JWB12/08/95
-
-: PIPPING
-         21 TONE
-         BEGIN   S.ON S.OFF
-                 PAUSE
-         AGAIN ;
-
-BACKGROUND:  TASK2   PIPPING ;
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Screen 19 not modified
-\  VIEW-REG                                    10:43   12/08/85
-ONLY EDITOR ALSO FORTH DEFINITIONS ALSO
-  VARIABLE  VADR \ Holds adr of 16 bit cell
-  VARIABLE  VOLD \ Holds old value.
-: #'S  0 ?DO PAUSE # LOOP ;
-TCOUNT 2+  VADR !
-: VIEWREG  ( --  -- )    15 ATRIB !
-         BEGIN  PAUSE  VADR @ @ VOLD @ -
-         IF 2 BASE ! VADR @ @ DUP VOLD !
-            0 <# ASCII ] HOLD BL HOLD 8 #'S BL HOLD
-                 8 #'S BL HOLD ASCII [ HOLD #>
-            CUR@ >R  40 2 AT
-            VTYPE R>  CUR! DECIMAL THEN
-         AGAIN ;
-BACKGROUND:  TASK3  VIEWREG  ;
-
-Screen 20 not modified
-\ CLOCK task
-
-:  CLOCK
-         BEGIN    PAUSE
-         (.TIME)  PAUSE
-         CUR@ >R
-         20 2 AT VTYPE
-         R> CUR!
-         AGAIN   ;
-
-BACKGROUND:  TASK4  CLOCK ;
-
-
-
-
-
-Screen 21 not modified
-\  MARQUEE
-
-CREATE  SPEED  50 ,    \  1 IS FAST   1000 IS GLACIAL
-: PAWS  SPEED @ -1 ?DO PAUSE LOOP ;
-
-CREATE TEXTB   24 ,     \ Beginning block for display
-CREATE #TEXTB   2 ,     \ How many blocks for display
-CREATE #T       0 ,     \ Offset in bytes, from TEXTB
-                         \ in virtual memory.
-
-: VTEXT ( --  adr )  \ Leave virtual address relative to TEXTB
-         #T @ 1024 /MOD TEXTB @ + BLOCK + ;
-
-CREATE MQ? -1 ,         \ Flag read by MARQUEE
-: HO    MQ? OFF ;       \ Halt the MARQUEE
-: HUM   MQ? ON  ;       \ Resume the MARQUEE
-Screen 22 not modified
-\ HUH BUMP MARQ                                16:02JWB12/08/85
-CREATE RD? 0 ,          \ Flag read by MARQUEE
-: HUH  -1 RD? +! ;      \ Back up the MARQUEE and redisplay
-
-  4 CONSTANT #BUMP       \ Positions to bump to the left.
-\ only use powers of 2.
-
-: BUMP  ( --  --  )
-         PAD #BUMP + PAD 80 #BUMP - CMOVE ;
-
-\ Display PAD and then bump characters to the left.
-: MARQ  ( --  -- )
-         PAWS CUR@ 0 0 AT PAD 80 VTYPE CUR!
-         MQ? @ IF BUMP THEN ;
-: TAIL  ( --  adr count )
-         80 #BUMP - PAD + #BUMP ;
-Screen 23 not modified
-\  MARQUEE                                     16:12JWB12/08/85
-
-: MARQUEE  ( --  -- )
-         BEGIN
-         CUR@ 0 0 79 0 ATRIB @ INIT-WINDOW CUR!
-         PAD 80 BLANK  #T OFF
-         #TEXTB @ 1024 * 0
-         DO VTEXT TAIL CMOVE MARQ MQ? @
-            IF #BUMP #T +! THEN   RD? @
-            IF 1 RD? +! PAD 80 BLANK -160 DUP #T +!
-            ELSE 0 THEN
-            MQ? @ IF #BUMP ELSE 0 THEN +
-         +LOOP  TAIL BLANK 80 #BUMP / 0
-         DO MARQ LOOP
-         AGAIN   ;
-BACKGROUND: TASK5 MARQUEE ;
-Screen 24 not modified
-  WELCOME  TO THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF 8086 MULTI-TASKING FORTH.
-Multitasking allows one computer to appear to do several things
-at the same time.  Most of the time a single user computer sits
-in an idle loop waiting for the operator to press the keyboard.
-
-The idea is to utilize this waiting time to perform other useful
-tasks.  Typical background tasks would be watching over
-instruments in a lab, printing a long file, updating a clock etc
-
-F83 uses a very simple yet  effective round-robin scheduling
-technique.  Task switching is extremly fast because each task
-maintains its own  parameter and return stacks and its own set
-of critical variables ( called USER variables ).
-
-The task switcher just changes the pointer to the correct list
-of USER variables.
-Screen 25 not modified
-  WELCOME  TO THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF 8086 MULTI-TASKING FORTH.
-  Now you can read your FORTH screens while you continue to hack
-  away at you FORTH system.  Things to remember.  SINGLE  . . .
-  puts the system in the singletasking mode.    MULTI . . .  puts
-  the system in the multitasking mode.   {taskname}  WAKE . . .
-  wakes up a task.   {taskname}  SLEEP  . . . puts task to sleep.
-   DO NOT  use STOP  from the terminal.  It will put the forgroun
-d task to sleep.   To create a new task use the format: . .
-   BACKGROUND:  {taskname}  {runtime routine code} ;
-   Tasknames  can be assigned new jobs using  SET-TASK and
-   ACTIVATE.   But be very careful.   It is easy to crash if you
-   do something wrong!!   First you should practice with  MULTI
-   SINGLE  WAKE  &  SLEEP  using the 5 tasks that I have provided
-   then if your brave.  write your own task.   WARNING  WARNING
-   Background tasks that output to the screen can mess up the
-   cursor.  Study my examples to see how to save the cursor.
-Screen 26 not modified
-\ How to use ACTIVATE reassign a taskname
-
-
-: COUNTDOWN  ( --  -- )
-      TASK1  ACTIVATE
-      1000.   TCOUNT 2!
-      BEGIN  PAUSE
-             TCOUNT 2@ 1. D-  TCOUNT 2!
-             TCOUNT 2@ (UD.)
-             CUR@ >R 0 2 AT VTYPE R> CUR!
-             TCOUNT 2@  D0=
-      UNTIL
-      CR  " COUNTER IS DONE"  VTYPE
-      STOP ;
-
-
-</code>