Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

--- papierkorb:sample2.blk [2025-08-16 17:50] – ↷ Seite von projects:sample2.blk nach papierkorb:sample2.blk verschoben mka
+++ papierkorb:sample2.blk [Unbekanntes Datum] (aktuell) – gelöscht - Externe Bearbeitung (Unbekanntes Datum) 127.0.0.1
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-=== EXAMPLES FOR LECTURE #2 ===
-<code>
-Screen 0 not modified
-\ EXAMPLES FOR LECTURE #2                      17:42JWB09/21/85
-\ Last change:   Screen  019                   09:57JWB01/17/86
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Screen 1 not modified
-\ REVIEW - 1                                   17:56JWB09/21/85
-     FORTH83 B:<name>.BLK     ( Start F83  with VEDIT .)
-     F83      <name>.BLK     ( Start original F83    )
-     BYE                     ( Exit FORTH, return to DOS.)
-     WORDS                   ( List all words in dictionary.)
-     FORGET  <name>          ( Remove <name> and all following )
-                             ( words from the dictionary.)
-     EMPTY                   ( Remove all new words added since )
-                             ( this session was started.)
-     : <name> .... ;         ( Create new word  <name> .)
-     ."   <string> "         ( Compile the  <string> into the )
-                             ( dictionary. <string> will be   )
-                             ( printed when word is executed. )
-                             ( Do not use outside a colon def.)
-     .(   <string> )         ( Print string to terminal. Use  )
-                             ( outside a colon definition.    )
-Screen 2 not modified
-\ REVIEW - 2                                   18:15JWB09/21/85
-   last first   DO  ...  LOOP    ( Use within a colon def to )
-                                 ( loop from first to last.  )
-   last first  ?DO  ...  LOOP    ( Same as above except loop )
-                                 ( 0 times if   first=last   )
-     BEGIN  ....  AGAIN          ( Use within a colon def to )
-                                 ( create an infinite loop.  )
-     SPACE       ( --   -- )     ( Send a space to the display.)
-     SPACES      ( n    -- )     ( Send n spaces to display. )
-     CR          ( --   -- )     ( Start a new line on display.)
-     EMIT        ( n    -- )     ( Display ASCII character n .)
-     .           ( n    -- )     ( Send top of stack to display.)
-     +         ( m n   sum )     ( Leave sum:  sum = m + n      )
-     -         ( m n   dif )     ( Leave difference: dif = m - n)
-     *         ( m n   prod )    ( Leave product: prod = m * n  )
-     .S          ( --   -- )     ( Non destructive stack print. )
-Screen 3 not modified
-\ REVIEW - 3                                   18:34JWB09/21/85
-     MAX         ( m n   max )   ( Leave larger  of m and n )
-     MIN         ( m n   min )   ( Leave smaller of m and n )
-     DEPTH       ( --    n   )   ( Leave count of stack items.)
-     \                           ( Comment to end of line   )
-     (  this is a comment  )
-     A:          ( --   -- )     ( Make the current drive A )
-     B:          ( --   -- )     ( Make the current drive B )
-     DIR         ( --   -- )     ( List current drive directory.)
-     LIST        ( n    -- )     ( List screen or block n .)
-     LOAD        ( n    -- )     ( Compile screen n .)
-     INDEX       ( m n  -- )     ( Index screens m through n .)
-     L           ( --   -- )     ( List the current screen. )
-     N L         ( --   -- )     ( List the next  screen. )
-     B L         ( --   -- )     ( List the previous screen.)
-
-Screen 4 not modified
-\ REVIEW - 4                                   18:49JWB09/21/85
-     FILE?       ( --   -- )     ( Display current screen file.)
-     DEFAULT     ( --   -- )     ( Revert to default screen file)
-                                 ( used when FORTH was started.)
-     OPEN  <name>.BLK            ( Open an existing screen file.)
-\  Create a new screen file  <name>.BLK  with n blank screens.)
-     CREATE-FILE <name>.BLK  ( n   -- )
-     MORE        ( n    -- )    ( Add n blank screens to the    )
-                                ( end of the current screen file)
-     QUERY       ( --   -- )    ( Fetch a line of text from user)
-     INTERPRET   ( --   -- )    ( Interpret the text line word by
-                                ( word.)
-     VEDIT       ( n    -- )    ( Begin editing screen n )
-     VED         ( --   -- )    ( Begin editing current screen )
-     CAPACITY    ( --   n  )    ( Leave number of screens in the
-                                ( current screen file.)
-Screen 5 not modified
-\ EXAMPLES -1                                  09:55JWB01/17/86
-\ Clear the data (or parameter stack).
-: CLEAR  ( ??   empty )
-         DEPTH 0 ?DO  DROP  LOOP ;
-
-\ Count  from 0 to n .
-: COUNT_UP  ( n   -- )
-         0 ?DO CR         \ Advance to new line.
-               I          \ Fetch current value of loop counter.
-               .          \ Display it.
-            LOOP  ;   EXIT
-
-
-
-
-
-Screen 6 not modified
-\ DEBUGGER                                     09:54JWB01/17/86
-The debugger is designed to let the user single step through
-the execution sequence of a high level definition. This process
-is also called tracing.  To activate the debugger type:
-
-         DEBUG   <name>
-
-where <name> is the word to be debugged or traced.  When the
-word <name> is next executed you will get a single step trace
-showing the next word to be executed and the contents of the
-data stack. Press any key except C F or Q for the next step.
-         Q   -  Quit debugging process.
-         C   -  Continue without pausing between steps.
-         F   -  Return to FORTH to execute other commands.
-             -  You must type  RESUME to continue debugging.
-      UNBUG  -  Disconect the debugger or you may crash and burn.
-Screen 7 not modified
-\ NEW  WORDS                                   09:55JWB01/17/86
-\ You add the stack comments and descriptions.
-
-         DROP
-         SWAP
-         DUP
-         OVER
-         ROT
-        -ROT
-
-         2DROP
-         2SWAP
-         2DUP
-         2OVER
-
-
-Screen 8 not modified
-\ EXAMPLE - 2  Volume of a tank.               09:56JWB01/17/86
-
-: TANK_VOLUME   ( l w h   -- )
-         CR ROT DUP  ." Length " .  ." feet"
-         CR ROT DUP  ." Width  " .  ." feet"
-         CR ROT DUP  ." Height " .  ." feet"
-         CR *   *    ." Volume " .  ." cubic feet." ;
-
-\  Explain  FACTORING .
-\  Show the effect of an incomplete definition.
-\  More New Words Below.
-\  HIDE   ( --   -- )  Mark last word so it cannot be found.
-\  REVEAL ( --   -- )  Mark last word so it can be found.
-\  [                   Stop compiling and resume interpretation.
-\  ]                   Stop interpreting and resume compilation.
-
-Screen 9 not modified
-\ EXAMPLE - 3  Volume of a tank factored.      22:32jwb09/21/85
-
-: .ECHO   ( a b c   b c a )
-         ROT DUP . ;
-
-: .FT   ( --   -- )
-         ."  feet." CR ;
-
-: TANK_VOLUME   ( l w h   -- )
-         CR  ." Length " .ECHO .FT
-             ." Width  " .ECHO .FT
-             ." Height " .ECHO .FT
-    *   *    ." Volume " .  ." cubic" .FT   ;
-
-
-
-Screen 10 not modified
-\ EXAMPLE - 4  Surface area of closed tank     09:56JWB01/17/86
-\ New Words                           I made up the ones below
-\       PICK                          all by myself!!
-\       ROLL
-\       NIP                           SPIN  ( a b c  c b a )
-\       TUCK                          HATCH ( a b c  a b b c )
-\       3DUP                          SHOVE ( a b c  c a b c )
-
-: TANK_AREA  ( l w h   -- )  \ add stack comments for each line
-         3DUP            (                   )
-         5 ROLL *  2 *   (                   )
-         -ROT   *  2 *   (                   )
-         +               (                   )
-         -ROT *  2 *     (                   )
-         +               (                   )
-     CR  ." Surface area of tank is " .  ." square" .FT ;
-Screen 11 not modified
-\ PROBLEM - 1   Rectangle area & perimeter     09:56JWB01/17/86
-
-a) Write a word called  .LW  that takes two stack items, a
-    length and a width and echos the values on separate lines
-    with identifiers.  Note .LW should leave stack empty.**
-b) Write a word called AREA that takes two stack items, a
-    length and a width, and computes and displays the area of a
-    rectangle.  Note  AREA  should leave the stack empty.**
-c) Write a word call PERIMETER that takes two stack items, a
-    length and a width, and computes and displays the perimeter
-    of a rectangle.  Note  PERIMETER should leave stack empty.**
-d) Write a word called RECTANGLE that takes two stack items, a
-    length and a width, and performs the functions of a b & c .
-    Did you use the   .LW , AREA , and PERIMETER in your
-    definition of RECTANGLE?
-**  It would be better to say: it consumes its stack parameters.
-Screen 12 not modified
-\ PROBLEW-2 Tank volume and surface area       09:56JWB01/17/86
-
-   Write words  .LWH   VOLUME   and  AREA  along the lines
-   of the previous problem except that they take 3 stack items,
-   length, width, and height.  VOLUME computes the volume of the
-   tank. AREA computes the surface area of the tank.  Combine
-   these into a single word   TANK  which performs the function
-   of all three as in PROBLEM - 1.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Screen 13 not modified
-\ PROBLEM - 3   Rectangle  again.              09:56JWB01/17/86
-   The area and perimeter of a rectangle       -----------(X2,Y2)
-   can be determined from the coordinates      |         |
-   of either pair of opposite corners.         |         |
-   A = ( X2 - X1 )*( Y2 - Y1)                  |         |
-   P = 2*(( X2 - X1 )+( Y2 - Y1))              -----------
-                                            (X1,Y1)
-   Write words to find the length, width, area, and perimeter
-   and then combine them into one one word as in problem 1.
-   Can any of the work from problem 1 be used here?
-   Do your words work if you feed them upper left and lower
-   right coordinates?
-
-
-
-
-Screen 14 not modified
-\  PROBLEM - 4  Falling objects.               09:56JWB01/17/86
-   The height of a falling object above the ground at time t
-   seconds is given by
-            height =  h0 - v0*t - 16*t*t
-   where h0 is the initial height in feet
-   and v0 is the initial velocity in feet per second.
-   Write a word called   HEIGHT that takes initial height
-   initial velocity and a time from the stack and produces the
-   following output.
-
-   You type:     1000 100 3  HEIGHT     ( return )
-   And see :     Initial height is 1000 feet.
-                 Initial velocity is 100 feet per second.
-                 Height after  3  seconds is 412  feet.
-   Does your solution consist of one long definition?
-   ( the 412 above may be wong!! )
-Screen 15 not modified
-\ DIVISION   A real can of worms.              09:56JWB01/17/86
-      /
-      MOD
-      /MOD
-
-
-
-
-
-  : TRIANGLE.AREA  ( b h   -- )
-         * 2 / ;
-
-
-
-
-
-Screen 16 not modified
-\ EASY WORDS                                   09:56JWB01/17/86
-
-         1+
-         2+
-         1-
-         2-
-         2*
-         2/
-
-         ABS
-
-         NEGATE
-
-
-
-
-Screen 17 not modified
-\  DISPLAYING A TABLE    contains error!!!     09:57JWB01/17/86
-\   New word:    .R   ( n w   -- )
-\   Print  n  right justified in a field  w  wide.
-: .ONE  ( n   -- )
-         12 SPACES               \ Indent table entry.
-         DUP 8 .R                \ Print number.
-         DUP DUP *  8 .R         \ Print square of number.
-     DUP DUP DUP  * *  8 .R ;    \ Print cube of number.
-: .HEADING  ( --   -- )
-        CR CR CR 14 SPACES
-        ." NUMBER  SQUARE    CUBE" ;
-: .TABLE  ( first last   -- )
-         .HEADING             \  ?ENOUGH   explain it.
-         1+ SWAP
-         ?DO CR I .ONE LOOP
-         CR CR ;
-Screen 18 not modified
-\ PROBLEM - 5   Tables for Tanks.              09:57JWB01/17/86
-a)Modify the previous example so that it gives a table of
-   volumes and surface areas of cubical tanks.
-   The new heading should have the form:
-         SIDE    SURFACE AREA     VOLUME
-         feet    square feet    cubic feet
-         ====    ============   ==========
-   Entries should be neatly centered under the table headings!!
-
-b)Repeat the above problem for spherical tanks.  Heading
-   should read:  RADIUS    SURFACE AREA     VOLUME   etc.
-   For a sphere   V = 4 pi R*R*R/3
-                  S = 4 pi R*R
-                 pi = 3.1416
-   Hint:  to multiply by pi see Brodie page 122 or use -
-: *PI  ( n   n*pi )   355 113  */  ;
-Screen 19 not modified
-\  ASCII TABLE                                 09:57JWB01/17/86
-: .ONE  ( n   -- )
-         12 SPACES DUP EMIT DUP 4 .R
-         HEX 4 .R DECIMAL ;
-: .HEADING  ( --   -- )
-        CR CR CR 9 SPACES ." CHAR DEC HEX"  ;
-: ATABLE  ( first last   -- )
-         .HEADING
-         1+ 256 MIN
-         SWAP  0 MAX
-         ?DO CR I .ONE LOOP ;
-: .TABLE  ( --   -- )
-         16 0 DO  I 16 * DUP 15 +
-                  ATABLE  KEY  DROP
-              LOOP ;
-
-Screen 20 not modified
-\ Notes on Starting Forth. 1                   17:12JWB09/22/85
-\ P 50    Replace 'S with SP@ or define  : 'S   SP@ ;
-\         Replace S0 with SP0 or define  : S0   SP0 ;
-\  Because FORTH83 loops work differently you should use:
-         : .S CR  SP@ SP0 @ 2DUP <>
-              IF   2- DO I  @ . -2 +LOOP
-              ELSE 2DROP ." EMPTY" THEN   ;
-\ Or  just use .S  that is already part of your system.
-
-\ P 66-72  Use:    n  VEDIT     to edit screen n .
-\ The original F83.COM fill supports the STARTING FORTH style
-\ editor.   Go back to DOS and type  F83  <name>.BLK  to try it.
-\ P 83  See notes for P 50 above.  Also VIEW  .S  to see how
-\        the F83 version is implemented.
-
-
-Screen 21 not modified
-\ Notes on Starting Forth. 2                   17:12JWB09/22/85
-\ P 110 In F83 I J and K are used only within loops to fetch
-\       the current values of the loop counters.  Use  R@
-\       instead of I to fetch a copy of the top of the return
-\       stack to the parameter stack without changing the
-\       return stack.
-\       Use the sequence:  R> R@ SWAP >R  within a definition
-\       instead of I' to fetch  a copy of the second item on
-\       the return stack.  Or use the definition:
-: 2R@   R> R> R@ -ROT >R >R ;
-\       Use 2R@  for I' .   I' is a poor name!!
-\       WARNING!  It is dangerous to mess with the return stack.
-\ P112  Use  R@  instead of I  ,  also a dot  .  was ommited
-\       from the definition of QUADRATIC.   See below.
-: QUADRATIC     ( a b c x   n )
-         >R SWAP ROT R@ * + R> * + .  ;
-Screen 22 not modified
-\ Notes on Starting Forth. 3                   17:13JWB09/22/85
-\ P 119 Error in footnote!
-: R%  50 */ 1+ 2/ ;
-\ P 123 I I' and J  see comments for page 110.
-\ P 131 For COMPOUND to display as in text  insert a   CR
-\       before  SWAP .  ie  : COMPOUND  CR SWAP 21 0 DO  etc
-\ P 135 There is an error in TEST -  should be 10 10 DO  but
-\       even so . .   the FORTH83  DO .. LOOP is not like
-\       the one in Starting FORTH !!!!   Try the following
-: -TEST  DO I . ?KEY ?LEAVE ( any key exit ) -1 +LOOP ;
-: +TEST  DO I . ?KEY ?LEAVE ( any key exit )  1 +LOOP ;
-\  9 10 +TEST   loops 65534 times.  9 10 -TEST gives   10 9
-\ 10 10 +TEST   loops 65535 times. 10 10 -TEST gives   10
-\ 11 10 +TEST  gives  10           11 10 -TEST loops 65535 times
-\ If you try any of the longer loops above press any key to
-\ abort!!
-Screen 23 not modified
-\ Notes on Starting Forth. 4                   17:13JWB09/22/85
-\ P 137 XX will clear the stack as indicated but our definition
-\       : CLEAR  DEPTH 0 ?DO DROP LOOP ;  will do it without
-\       the error message.  An alternate definition of CLEAR is:
-: CLEAR  SP0 @ SP! ;
-\ P 140 In FORTH83  LEAVE causes an immediate exit from the
-\       DO ... LOOP  !!  Thus any words between LEAVE and LOOP
-\       will not be executed if the condition for leaving is
-\       is satisfied.  Try the following and note that  HELLO
-\       is not printed the last time.
-: HELLOS  10 1 DO CR I . I 5 = IF LEAVE THEN ." HELLO" LOOP ;
-\       Note: ?LEAVE can replace the phrase  IF LEAVE THEN
-\ P 142-143  Use CLEAR-SCREEN definition below instead of PAGE
-: CLEAR-SCREEN  0 0 0 2 [ EDITOR ] VIDEO-IO 2DROP 2DROP ; FORTH
-
-
-Screen 24 not modified
-\ Notes on Starting Forth. 5                   17:13JWB09/22/85
-\ P 161 In FORTH83  UM*     is the name for U*
-\       and         UM/MOD  is the name for U/MOD
-\       In FORTH83  all loops are relative, use +LOOP for /LOOP
-\ P 164 Double number punctuation is  .  only!  not  ,
-\ P 166 Use the   .   for the  ,  in the double numbers!!!
-\ P 169 FORTH83   SIGN  uses the first number on the stack!!
-\       Whenever Brodie uses  SIGN  replace it with  ROT SIGN
-\ P 170 Replace   SIGN   with   ROT  SIGN
-\       VIEW  D.  to see how F83  formats numbers.
-\ P 172 Replace   SIGN   with   ROT  SIGN
-\ P 174 Use the definitions below:
-: M+    S>D D+ ;     : M/    M/MOD  NIP ;
-: M*/   2DUP XOR SWAP ABS >R SWAP ABS >R OVER XOR -ROT
-         DABS SWAP R@ UM* ROT R> UM* ROT 0 D+ R@ UM/MOD
-         -ROT R> UM/MOD NIP SWAP ROT ?DNEGATE ;
-Screen 25 not modified
-\ Notes on Starting Forth. 6                   17:28JWB09/22/85
-\ P 177 In FORTH83  use   UM*  for  U* and UM/MOD for U/MOD
-\       In FORTH83  use  +LOOP for /LOOP
-\ P 178 Use  ROT SIGN where ever Brodie uses SIGN  !!
-\ P 202 Use CLEAR-SCREEN definition given earlier for  PAGE
-\ P 204 Use +LOOP  for /LOOP
-\ P 215 Type  VIEW  INTERPRET  for definition of our INTERPRET
-\ P 217 In F83  DEFER   is used for execution vectors.
-\ P 233 In F83  the variable H is called  DP
-\ P 235-237  : 'S  SP@ ;
-\ P 240 Use DP  instead of H  ;  No OFFSET in this system.
-\ P 242 F83 Uses the ONLY vocabulary structure. See the FORTH-83
-\       standard or wait till we discuss it in class.
-\ P 247 Use DP  instead of H  .
-
-
-Screen 26 not modified
-\ BYTE                                         21:51JWB09/22/85
-- the smallest piece of data that can be accessed by most modern
-   micro-computers.
-- consists of a cell of 8 binary bits:  01110101 <= see the byte
-- the low order bit is number  0.       76543210 <= bit number
-- the high order bit is number 7.
-- the bit pattern in a byte can represent an unsigned integer:
-          0 -      255 decimal
-   00000000 - 11111111 binary
-         00 -       FF hexadecimal
-- the data structure often represented by bytes is the ASCII
-   character.
-     0   20  control characters.
-    21  127  common symbols, digits, letters.
-   128  255  in the IBM-PC  the extended character set.
-
-Screen 27 not modified
-\ WORD                                         22:14JWB09/22/85
-- a word consists of two bytes or 16 binary bits.
-- most easily represented by four hexadecimal digits.
-- examples:  A123   FEED  DEAD
-- the bit pattern in a word can represent an unsigned integer:
-         0 - 65535  decimal    0000 - FFFF  hexadecimal
-- micro computers can access 65,535 memory cells (bytes) using
-   the word as an address pointer.
-- the bit pattern in a word can also represent signed integers:
-      -32768 - 32767  decimal   -8000 - 7FFF  hexadecimal
-- In FORTH each data stack number is represented by a word.
-- In FORTH address are represented by words or unsigned integers
-   thus FORTH can address or access 65535 bytes of memory.
-
-
-
-Screen 28 not modified
-
-
-ONLY FORTH ALSO ALSO DEFINITIONS
-
-CODE  SPLIT
-         AX  POP         \ Get number from stack
-      BH BH  SUB         \ Clear high bits of BX
-      AL BL  MOV         \
-         BX  PUSH
-      AH BL  MOV
-         BX  PUSH
-             NEXT
-         END-CODE
-
-
-
-</code>